播种方式和种植密度对冬小麦根系生长和产量的影响

为探究播种方式和种植密度对冬小麦根系生长和产量的影响，以新冬22号为材料，采用二因素裂区试验设计，主区设条播（DR）和匀播（UN）2种播种方式，副区设150万粒·hm^-2（D150）、225 万粒·hm^-2（D225）、300万粒·hm^-2（D300）和375万粒·hm^-2（D375）4种种植密度，比较分析了不同播种方式和种植密度下冬小麦根系形态特征、根系伤流量和产量的差异。结果表明，随种植密度的增加，小麦总根干重、总根长呈先增后减趋势，单株次生根数、根系伤流量呈减小趋势。与条播相比，匀播下小麦总根干重、总根长显著增加，差异主要在0~30 cm土层；单株次生根数、根系伤流量增加，差异主要在生育中后期；产量显著提高（增幅9.89%），其中以D225处理最大。综上，匀播能够促进小麦根系的生长，提高根系活性，有利于高产；在本试验条件下匀播小麦以225万粒·hm^-2种植密度最佳。

Effect of Sowing Pattern and Planting Density on Root Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

In order to explore the effects of sowing pattern and planting density on root growth and yield of winter wheat,Xindong 22 was used as the material,and a two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted. The main plot was sowing pattern at two levels:drill sowing(DR) and uniform sowing(UN),four planting density levels were set up as subplot:1.5×10⁶,2.25×10⁶,3.00×10⁶,and 3.75×10⁶ seeds·hm^-2,designated as D150,D225,D300,and D375. The effects of sowing pattern and planting density on root morphological characteristics,root system flux activity,and yield of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the total root dry weight and total root length of wheat increased first and then decreased,but the secondary roots per plant and root system flux activity decreased. Compared with drill sowing,the total root dry weight and total root length of wheat significantly increased under uniform sowing,and the difference was mainly in 0-30 cm soil layer; the secondary roots per plant and root system flux activity increased,and the difference was mainly at the middle and late growth stages; the yield was significantly increased by 9.89%,with D225 treatment being the largest,and the difference was significant. In conclusion,the uniform sowing pattern promoted the growth of wheat roots,improved the activity of roots,resulting in higher grain yield. Under the conditions of this study,the suitable planting density was 2.25×10⁶ seeds·hm^-2.