1986-2014年临汾降水变化及对旱地小麦农艺性状的影响

为了解过去近30年山西省临汾降水变化对旱地小麦品种农艺性状的影响,利用1986-2014年国家黄淮旱地冬小麦区域试验临汾点的降水和对照品种农艺性状资料,研究其降水和对照品种农艺性状变化规律,并对降水要素和农艺性状进行了相关、多元回归和通径分析.结果表明,该区年降水量有略微的上升趋势,但小麦生育期降水量有略微的下降趋势;播种至越冬期的降水量有增加趋势,但起身至拔节期和抽穗至成熟期的降水量有减少趋势.黄淮旱地区域试验对照品种千粒重和穗粒数逐年缓慢上升,但有效穗数、产量及株高缓慢下降.起身至拔节期降水与株高呈显著正相关,生育期降水量和年降水量与株高、穗粒数呈显著正相关,年降水量与产量呈显著正相关;株高、有效穗和千粒重与产量均呈极显著正相关.千粒重、穗粒数、株高和年降水量是决定产量的四个主要因子,共同决定了产量72％的变异.降水变化对黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状变化趋势有较强的影响,选育株高适中、有效穗数较多、千粒重较大的高产抗旱新品种,是黄淮旱地小麦适应未来气候变化进行育种改良的重要方向.

Precipitation Change and Its Influence on Wheat Agronomic Traits in Linfen from 1986-2014

The objective is to analyze the precipitation change and its influence on wheat agronomic traits in Linfen of Shanxi province in the past 30 years,and provide a theoretical basis and technological support for Huanghuai dryland wheat breeding to adapt to climate change in the future. The precipitation data and agronomic traits of control varieties date of Linfen in Shanxi province from 1986-2014 years were analyzed,the relationship between agronomic traits and meteorological elements were also analyzed by correlation and multiple regression as well path analysis. The results showed that the annual precipitation were increased lightly,but the precipitation in wheat growth period were decreased slowly; the precipitation of seeding to over-wintering period in growth stage was increased,but the precipitation of jointing to mature period in reproductive growth stage were reduced. For check variety,the 1 000-kernel weight and kernels per spike were increased,but the effective ear numbers and plant height as well grain yield were decreased. The precipitation of up to the jointing stage had positive correlation significantly with plant height,annual precipitation and the precipitation in wheat growth period had positive correlation significantly with plant height and kernels per spike,annual precipitation had positive correlation significantly with yield,plant height and 1 000-kernel weight as well effective ear numbers had positive correlation significantly with yield. There were 72% of yield per hectare variation was determined by 1 000-kernel weight,kernels per spike,plant height and annual precipitation. The impacts of precipitation on agronomic traits of winter wheat in Huanghuai dryland were obvious. Therefore,middle plant height,more effective ears numbers,and larger1000-kernel weight should be the improving direction in Huanghuai dryland wheat region.