基于WTW的电动汽车效率研究

从汽车燃料全生命周期的角度出发,采用原油到车轮（WTW）的研究模式,将燃料的全寿命周期分为两个阶段,WTT为上游阶段,TTW为下游阶段,选定电动汽车和内燃机汽车各阶段生产效率范围,计算出两类车的总效率,并通过美国实验室开发的GREET模型测出两类汽车的WTW效率,将二者进行对比分析,结果表明电动汽车与内燃机汽车的总效率基本相同.针对WTT阶段电动汽车效率较低现象,提出利用可再生能源（风能,太阳能,核电等）可以进一步提高能量利用效率的建议.

Study of Electric Vehicle Efficiency Based on WTW

In this paper, automotive fuel from the perspective of the whole life cycle was considered and the well-to-wheels （WTW） model was applied to analyze the vehicle efficiency. The entire life cycle of the fuel was divided into two phases, WIT for the upstream stage and TTW for downstream stages. The efficiency of each stage of the production stage for electric vehicles and internal combustion engine ve- hicles were selected to calculate the overall efficiency of two types of vehicles. The GREET model developed by the laboratory of the United States was applied to measure the WTW efficiency of two cars. Results showed that the overall efficiency of electric ears and the internal combustion engine are basically the same. With regard to the concern that the efficiency of electric vehicle in WIT phase is low, it is sug- gested to use renewable energy sources （wind, solar, nuclear, etc. ） to further improve the energy efficiency.