木材压缩密实改性技术研究进展

合理利用资源丰富的速生材可有效缓解我国木材资源短缺、供需矛盾日益加剧等问题，而速生材由于生长周期短导致密度较小，因此需要通过压缩密实等改性技术才能满足速生材在工业生产中的应用要求。针对木材压缩密实改性技术的预处理、热压密实和后期固定3个阶段研究现状进行综合评述，发现目前预处理主要有水煮、高温蒸汽、微波加热、浸渍和脱木素等方法，且不同的预处理方法的效果以及对压缩材的性能影响不同；含水率、压缩比、热压温度、保温时间、热压压力和保压时间等热压密实工艺参数对压缩材性能影响也有不同；后期固定主要通过高温加热和浸渍树脂固定等方法提高压缩材尺寸稳定性。尽管木材压缩密实技术相对成熟，但依旧存在预处理效果不好、压缩率低、环境污染和性能提升单一等问题，后续研究可以集中在优化传统预处理工艺、探索生物预处理工艺及实现绝缘阻燃等多功能压缩密实木材方面。

Research Progress on Compression of Wood

Reasonable utilization of fast-growing wood can effectively alleviate the shortage of wood resources and intensifying contradiction between supply and demand in China.However,the density of fast-growing timber is low due to its short growth cycle.Therefore,the application requirements of fast-growing timber in industrial production can only be met through compression.In this study,the research status of wood compression modification technology in three stages of pretreatment,hot compression and later fixation was reviewed.It was found that the main pretreatment methods were hydrothermal,high temperature steam,microwave heating,impregnation and delignification,and different pretreatment methods had different effects on the properties of compressed wood.The effects of moisture content,compression ratio,hot pressing temperature,holding time,hot pressing pressure and holding time on the properties of compressed wood are also different.In the later stage,the dimensional stability of compressed wood can be improved by high temperature heating and resin impregnation.Although the wood compaction technology is relatively mature,there are still some problems,such as poor pretreatment effect,low compression rate,environmental pollution and performance improvement.The follow-up research can focus on optimizing the traditional pretreatment process,exploring the biological pretreatment process and realizing the multi-functional wood compaction,such as insulation and flame retardant.