氮肥施用方式对甘蔗产量及土壤养分变化的影响(英文)

目的]为提高氮肥在甘蔗生产中的利用率,减少农业生产中的氮污染提供参考。方法]以ROC22为材料,设3个不同氮肥施用量(38 276和414 kg N/hm2)和3种不同施用方式(1:氮肥10%作基肥,30%小培土时施用,60%大培土时施用;2:氮肥30%作基肥,70%小培土时施用;3:氮肥全部作基肥施用)测定甘蔗农艺性状产量和土壤养分等指标,研究氮肥与甘蔗生长以及土壤养分变化的关系。结果]甘蔗产量随着氮肥施用量增加而增加,以276 kg N/hm2增产效果较好氮肥早施可以促进甘蔗早拔节早生长和提高甘蔗产量土壤氮素速效钾含量随着氮肥施用量增加而增加,但大量施用氮肥会引起土壤酸化早施氮肥有利于促进土壤磷酸盐的溶解,提高磷的吸收利用氮肥作基肥一次性施用容易造成氮流失,氮利用率低结论甘蔗氮肥合理施用方式为两次分施,施氮量为138~276 kg N/hm2。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Mode on Sugarcane Yield and Soil Nutrient Change

Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38, 276 and 414 kg N/hm2, according to three fertilization approaches （approach 1： N fertilizer at 10% as base fertilizer, 30% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% N fertilizer applied to big ridging; approach 2： 30% N fertilizer as base fertilizer, 70% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing; approach 3： 100% N fertilizer as base fertilizer）. Some sugarcane in-dices, such as agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients, were measured to research the relationship of N fertilizer with sugarcane growth and soil nutrients. Result] Sug-arcane yield was increasing upon N fertilizer and reached the peak with N fertilizer at 276 kg N/hm2. In addition, early application of N fertilizer would promote sugar-cane jointing, growth and increase sugarcane yield. Nitrogen and available K con-tents were increasing upon N fertilizer, but excessive N fertilizer also caused soil acidification. N fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying N fertilizer completely as base fertil-izer was likely to cause N loss and low use efficiency. Conclusion] The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is to apply N fertilizer twice at 138-276 kg N/hm^2.