热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的利用与蔬菜育种*

 植物种质资源是发展农业生产和开发育种工作的物质基础,现代蔬菜生产对育种工作提出了越来越高的要求,要求新品种在丰产性、抗病性、适应性和品质等方面都有较大程度地提高,而这些目标的实现,首先决定于所掌握的各种基因资源。热带亚热带地区由于雨量充沛,植被丰富,土壤类型繁多,而且小气候多样,地形错综复杂,海拔差异显著,加之农业历史悠久和多样化的耕作制度,因此,经过长期的自然选择和人工选育,形成了非常丰富的蔬菜种质资源。本文拟对我国热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的利用现状进行回顾,主要概述了热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的分布、蔬菜种质资源的多样性、蔬菜育种的研究现状和存在的问题及以后蔬菜育种的目标、途径等,以供育种工作者参考。

Utilization of Vegetable Germplasm Resources in Tropical and Subtropical Regions and Vegetable Breeding

Plant germplasm resources are base of developing agricultural productions and exploiting breeding. Vegetable breeding is more and more required by mordern vegetable productions. The bumper yield, disease-resistance, adaptability or quality of the new breeding variety are all improved, while that these aims coming true was firstly decided by all kinds of gene resources. In the tropical and subtropical regions, rains are sufficient,all kinds of plants are rich, types of soil are various, microclimate is diversiform, terrain is anfractuosity, difference of altitude is distinct, the history of agriculture is long and farming systems are diversification. All these make it suitable for the growth of diverse vegetables. The good natural environments provide advantageous conditions for forming an abundant resource of vegetable varieties in the region. Through natural selection and manual breeding selection of long time, the rich vegetable germplasm resources were formed. The paper reviews distribution and diversity of vegetable germplasm resources, study and problem of vegetable breeding in tropical and subtropical regions, and the aim and approach of vegetable breeding and so on, which provide reference for breeding worker.