木质素的化学改性方法及其应用

根据有关文献资料,综述了由制浆造纸黑液回收的木质素的化学改性方法及其应用的研究进展,内容主要包括木质素的磺化、磺甲基化,木质素与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸和多元单体接枝共聚、缩合、交联,木质素的氧化氨解、稀硝酸氧化,木质素脱甲基化、硫化以及常温常压、高温加压等反应改性。综合分析表明,改性后木质素分子量提高,水溶性、表面活性增强,其改性产物分别在混凝土外加剂、石油开采、染料分散、肥料增效缓释、合成木材、削减地表径流、固沙保水等方面有良好的应用前景。木质素的化学改性既拓宽了木质素的应用范围,也提高了其实用价值。加强木质素的改性与应用研究对保护生态环境,推动工业木质素应用的发展,促进制浆造纸废液污染治理,开发可自然再生资源的有效利用具有重要意义。

Chemical Modification of Lignin and Its Utilization

The research progress on chemical modification of lignin and its utilization is reviewed in detail. Chemical modification of lignin included sulfonation, sulfur-formaldehyde, graft copolymers with acrylamide, crylic acid or polynary system, condensation, cross linking, aminolysis-oxide, vulcanization, demethylation of lignin and the reactions under normal or high temperature and pressure. After the modification, the molecular weight, water-solubility and surface activity of lignin increased. The modified lignin could be used in the aspects of water reducing agent, oil recovery, dyestuff dispersant, synergy and slow release fertilizer, composite wood, reducing surface runoff, sand-fixation and water retention and so on. The modification broadened the application field of lignin and increased its economic value. It is very important and necessary to reinforce the research on modification and application of lignin, which have a great significance in eliminating the eco-environmental pollution from pulping and expanding the use of the regeneration resource.