RAPD和ISSR标记检测黄麻属遗传多样性的比较研究

应用RAPD和ISSR标记,分别对来自非洲地区和中国的15份黄麻野生种(10个种),以及来自中国、印度、越南、日本等地的12份黄麻栽培品种基因组DNA的遗传多样性进行检测。结果表明:(1)参与分析的所有RAPD和ISSR引物都对DNA模板浓度的梯度变化不敏感,对比RAPD和ISSR在PCR反应中的稳定性,ISSR优于RAPD;(2)25个RAPD和ISSR引物分别扩增出329条和283条带,多态比率分别为89.36%和92.5%,显然,ISSR检测出的多态性条带的能力优于RAPD;(3)RAPD和ISSR标记检测同组供试材料种间或种内的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围,分别为0.48～0.98和0.33～0.97,ISSR检测出种间遗传多样性的分辨力较RAPD为高,但两者GS相关系数高达0.955;(4)RAPD和ISSR标记的分子聚类获得了趋势相近,但不完全相同的聚类树,两种标记均能准确地把原始黄麻野生种与栽培种中的长果种和圆果种及其近缘野生种聚在不同的种群中,分子分类结果与传统经典分类相符,并揭示出种间或种内基因型的遗传差异与亲缘关系,而ISSR比RAPD能检测到种间更高的遗传差异性;(5)两种标记均可揭示种间与种内的遗传多样性及其进化的亲缘关系,可为进一步开展黄麻分子辅助育种和起源与进化研究提供有价值的理论依据。

A Comparison Between RAPD and ISSR Technology in Detection of Genetic Diversity of Jute

Genetic diversity among 27 accessions of jute, including 15 wild species and 12 cultivars collected from China, India, Vietnam and Japan, were investigated with the technique of RAPD and ISSR, respectively. The result showed that:(1) All of RAPD primers and ISSR primers in this study were insensitive to the concentration gradient change of DNA template, whilst the result of ISSR was more stable than that of RAPD in PCR analysis. (2) 329 and 283 DNA bands were amplified with 25 RAPD and ISSR primers respectively, the PPB (percentage of polymorphic bands)in ISSR detection (92.5%) was higher than that in RAPD(89.36%). (3) The coefficient ranges of interspecific and intraspecific GS (genetic similarity) in RAPD and ISSR analysis for the same materials were 0.48-0.98 and 0.33-0.9 respectively, with ISSR detecting more interspecific genetic diversity than RAPD. (4) The similar molecular cluster results were obtained from RAPD and ISSR analysis, it also matched well with the results of typical classification, indicating that the two methods were both efficient in revealing interspecific or intraspecific genetic difference and diversity in Jut.