Genetic diversity of Cucurbita maxima assessed using morphological characteristics and random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers in China

Cucurbita maxima is one of the most widely cultivated Cucurbitaceae in Heilongjiang province, China. The objectives of this study were to clarify the genetic diversity of 44 accessions from different geographical origins using morphological and molecular characteristics and to compare the consistency of these morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics showed a large qualitative variability primarily according to fruit-related traits. Twenty-eight random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced 128 bands. Both morphological characteristics and RAPD markers grouped 44 accessions of C. maxima into four clusters, and the similarity coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.91 and from 0.40 to 0.98, respectively. DNA polymorphisms were highly consistent with phenotypic traits on rootstock C. maxima. The relationships between C. maxima from different origins were not clearly defined via morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis, suggesting some traits of C. maxima were specific to geographical location had disappeared or were weak in Heilongjiang province, which would not facilitate pumpkin breeding. Hybrid generations and their parent plants or sister lines were grouped into sub-clusters and showed little genetic distance according to both evaluation methods. Overall, morphological characteristics and RAPD markers were consistent and revealed high genetic diversity between C. maxima landraces from different origins.     

质子辐射诱变玉米M2代形态变异与RAPD分析

[目的]研究不同剂量质子辐射(PR)的白马牙玉米M2代的生长发育、形态和基因组DNA水平上的变异情况。[方法]对白马牙玉米干种子进行5种不同剂量的辐射处理,研究M2代玉米生长状况,采用RAPD分子标记技术研究M2代损伤和变异。[结果]发芽率随着剂量的增加先升高后降低,20、30 Gy处理的发芽率均高于对照,20 Gy处理最高;空秆率随着剂量的增加呈先升高后降低再升高再降低的马鞍型曲线,其中20 Gy和50 Gy处理最低,40 Gy处理空秆率最高,达29.4%;光合速率PR组显著低于对照,随着剂量的增加呈马鞍形曲线;籽粒千粒重随着剂量的增加呈马鞍形曲线,10、20和40 Gy处理显著高于对照,50 Gy处理低于对照。综合考虑发芽率、空秆率、千粒重,对白马牙玉米M2代产量的有益变异多的辐射剂量依次为20、10和30 Gy。RAPD试验分析中16条随机引物扩增出142条条带,其中多态性条带71条,多态性比例达57.3%,各PR组变异率为20.2%~32.3%;各组在遗传相似度0.73附近处聚为2类,10Gy组与50 Gy组聚为1类,表明其变异程度较大,其他组与对照聚为1类。[结论]该研究可为今后辐射诱变玉米产生有益变异和培育新品种提供辐射剂量的指导和参考,也为拓展玉米种质奠定一定的基础。     

Silicon-mediated genotoxic alterations in Brassica juncea under arsenic stress: A comparative study of biochemical and molecular markers

Arsenic (As), one of the most harmful toxicant at the global level, severely affects plant metabolism when taken up. Interestingly, the presence of silicon (Si) as a fertilizer in As-contaminated soil is an effective strategy to decrease As accumulation in plants. Brassica juncea (var. Varuna) were grown hydroponically to investigate the role of Si at biochemical and molecular levels under arsenite (As³⁺) stress. Seedlings of B. juncea were exposed to As³⁺, Si, and a combination of both elements. Our data demonstrated that seedlings exposed to As³⁺ showed an inhibition in shoot length, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein, while co-application of Si improved these growth parameters. Silicon supplementation reduced As accumulation in shoot. Increase/decrease was observed in stress-related parameters (cysteine and proline), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase), and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H₂O₂), which were improved upon co-application of Si as compared to As³⁺ alone treatment. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a suitable biomarker assay for plants for assessing the genotoxicity. Seven RAPD primers produced a total of 39 and 48 bands in the leaves of the untreated and treated seedlings, respectively. The RAPD band-profiles and genomic template stability were consistent with other growth and physiological parameters. In conclusion, the genotoxic alterations along with the biochemical parameters indicate that the exposure to Si mitigates As³⁺-induced oxidative stress by improving the stress-related parameters and antioxidant system in B. juncea.     

香果树RAPD扩增条件的优化及遗传多样性初步分析

对浙江省天台山自然香果树种群的DNA进行了提取和RAPD扩增条件的优化,分别测试了镁离子、dNTP、模板DNA含量、引物浓度、DNA聚合酶量和牛血清白蛋白浓度对反应结果的影响,通过各因子的组合研究,可知香果树RAPD分析较适宜的扩增条件为:15μLPCR反应体积,1×Taq酶配套缓冲液,1 8mmol·L-1MgCl2,2UTaq酶;10ng模板DNA;20pmol引物;dATP、dCTP、dGTP、dTTP各0 1mmol·L-1。以此适宜条件对12个引物进行扩增,共扩增出51个DNA片段,多态位点百分率为45 1%,种群内遗传多样性较低,进一步研究不同种群香果树的遗传多样性具有一定的意义。     

运用RAPD对我国川西高原及秦巴山区核桃的研究

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对原产于川西高原和秦巴山区的74个核桃样本进行基因组DNA多态性分析,从330条10bp的随机引物中筛选出清晰度高、重复性好的32个用于进一步分析,共得到324条DNA扩增带,平均每个引物产生10.1条带;其中279条带表现为多态性,占总带数的86.1%。试验研究表明川西高原核桃由于地理生态环境存在较大差异,具有丰富的遗传多样性,蕴藏着宝贵的控制优良性状的基因资源。遗传多样性同生态环境和人为活动的关系有待进一步深入研究。     

桤木群体遗传分化研究I.DNA提取和PCR条件的建立

桤木(ＡｌｎｕｓｃｒｅｍａｓｔｏｇｙｎｅＢｕｒｋ)为桦木科(Ｂｅｔｕｌａｃｅａｅ)植物,主要分布于四川盆地及其周边地区。桤木喜光、喜湿,根系发达,对土壤要求不严,适应性强,在长江中下游地区防护林建设中具有重要作用。国外对桤木属(Ａｌｎｕｓ)植物的研究起步较早,主要集中于生理生化方面包括生长、固Ｎ、抗涝性以及种间杂交研究等[1　3]。虽有学者利用ＲＦＬＰ研究其核糖体ＤＮＡ的基因结构、以同工酶技术研究桤木属的群体遗传变异[4　6],但未见应用ＲＡＰＤ技术的研究报道。随着现代生物技术的发展,生物多样性的检测技术日趋成熟和多…     

棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索

棕榈藤(rattan)是棕榈科(Palmae Juss．)藤本植物，属棕榈科省藤亚科(Calamoideae)省藤族(Calameae)植物，包括13属600余种，主要分布于热带地区。棕榈藤是热带森林宝库中的多用途植物资源，具有很高的经济价值和开发前景，是仅次于木材和竹材的重要林产品，其中黄藤(Daemonorops margaritae(Hance)Seccari)和单叶省藤(Calamus simplicifolius Wei)是我国大面积栽培的2个重要藤种。     

橡胶树具有稳定重复性RAPD反应体系的建立

为增强橡胶树RAPD反应的稳定性,通过对影响PCR反应体系的几个主要因子进行组合研究,并分析了增效剂TMAC,BSA对PCR的影响,确定了各成分的最佳工作浓度,建立了稳定的橡胶树RAPD反应体系,为利用RAPD技术对橡胶树种质资源进行研究提供了可靠保证。     

地涌金莲野生与栽培种群遗传多样性RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对采自滇川两省的12个地涌金莲野生和栽培种群进行遗传多样性分析.选择10条随机引物在12个种群中共扩增出88条带,其中多态性带85条,整个种的多态性位点百分比PPB为96.59%,遗传多样性指数H为0.289 0以及Shannon信息指数I为0.441 6.种群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.568 2,即43.18%的遗传变异来自于种群内,56.82%的遗传变异来自于种群间,种群间的遗传分化水平略高于种群内.种群间遗传一致度变化范围为在0.66～0.95之间.聚类结果显示:野生种群之间遗传距离较近,与地理分布基本相一致;栽培种群遗传距离较远,与地理分布不一致.     

筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的RAPD标记

筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的ＲＡＰＤ标记王京兆，王斌，卞学瑜，韩一凡（中国科学院遗传研究所北京１００１０１）（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）关键词杨树，云斑天牛，ＲＡＰＤ，多态性产物植物抗虫基因工程是当前比较活跃的研究领域，但真正能...