北京市公园绿地中灌木生长形态的美景度评价及影响因子研究

目的植物的形态美是园林艺术表达的重要内容，研究植株形态美的景观评价和形态因子之间的相关关系，可以为植物景观营造和园林植物管护提供依据。方法在北京市全面勘查5个代表性城市公园的典型灌木群落基础上，选取金银木、丁香、黄刺玫3种灌木种类为研究对象，每种植物从10个群落地段中选择50株个体进行生长形态数据的采集，运用美景度评价法（SBE法）对其进行美学质量评价。结果金银木美景度评判平均值最高，黄刺玫美景度评判平均值最低。利用SPSS统计软件对灌木的形态因子及美景度评判值进行相关性分析，结果表明:金银木美景度评判值主要受冠高比、叶缺失程度、叶尺寸3项形态因子的影响，影响程度排序为冠高比 > 叶缺失程度 > 叶尺寸，评测者更为喜欢冠高比大、树形开展、叶片生长茂盛、叶片较大的金银木个体。丁香的美景度评判值主要受偏冠率的影响，评测者更喜欢树形端正的个体。黄刺玫美景度评判的影响因素主要为分枝强度与叶缺失程度，影响程度排序为叶缺失程度 > 分枝强度。结论花灌木的美景度与植株的形态因子有直接的关联性，但是不同植物种类的美景度受形态因子显著影响的数量和程度各有不同，也间接说明了3种灌木生长空间的适宜程度对植物景观营造和养护管理有着直接的启示意义。应充分重视丛生型灌木的生长空间和光照条件，导致生长形态受损的问题直接影响美景度评价。进一步研究对景观美景度影响程度较大的各个形态因子在不同群落组合中的变化特征，将有助于探究合理的植物组群搭配模式和栽植方式。 

Scenic beauty estimation of shrub growth morphology and its influencing factors in park of Beijing

ObjectiveThe morphological beauty of plants is an important part in garden art. Studying the relationship between beauty evaluation and morphological factors of plant can provide the basis for plant landscape construction and garden plant management.MethodOn the basis of a comprehensive survey of the typical shrub communities in five representative urban parks in Beijing, three kinds of shrubs, including Lonicera maackii, Syringa oblata, Rosa xanthina, selected as the research objects. In 10 communities, 50 individuals of each plant were selected to collect data of growth morphology. The SBE method was used to evaluate the aesthetic quality of plants.ResultThe average of scenic beauty score of Lonicera maackii was the highest, while that of Rosa xanthine was the lowest. The correlation between the morphological factors and the scenic beauty score of shrubs was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the evaluation value of Lonicera maackii was mainly affected by 3 factors, showing as crown-height ratio > degree of leaf loss > leaf size. Reviewers prefer individual ones with high crown-height ratio, spread shape, lush and large leaves. The evaluation value of Syringa oblata was mainly influenced by the crown deflection ratio, so complete shape ones were preferred more. The main factors influencing the value of Rosa xanthine are branch density and degree of leaf loss, the latter is more important according to the influence degree.ConclusionThe results of growth morphology evaluation and influencing factor analysis of three shrubs showed that the scenic beauty score of flowering shrubs was directly related to the morphological factors of plants, but the number and degree affected significantly by morphological factors was different. It also indirectly showed the suitability of the growth space of the three shrubs, which has direct enlightenment significance for plant landscape construction and conservation management. We should pay full attention to the growth space and light conditions of cluster shrubs, and the problem of damage to growth form directly affects the evaluation of scenic beauty. If the change of various morphological factors in different community combinations is further studied, it will be helpful to explore the rational plant group mode and the planting methods.