施肥对落叶松人工林的生长量和光合特性的影响

试验以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场的落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林二代1年生幼林地和一代14年生幼龄林为研究对象，对林地进行了不同施肥处理。结果表明：施肥能不同程度地提高林木生长量和光合能力，落叶松人工林不同代林地所需养分是不同的。二代1年生幼林地，少N、少N多P和N、P、K与有机肥混合施入对树木生长和光合能力有明显的改良效果，以130kg／hm^2尿素、314kd/hm^2磷酸二铵和436kg／hm^2尿素 236kg/hm^2磷酸二铵 133kg／hm^2氯化钾 3000kg／hm^2有机肥3种施肥配比效果较好；一代14年生幼龄林，多N、少N多P和N、P、K混合施效果较好，较好的肥料配比是520kg／hm^2尿素、314kg／hm^2磷酸二铵、436kg／hm^2尿素 236kg／hm^2磷酸二铵 133kg／hm^2氯化钾。对于这两个林分都是少N多P施肥效果最好，说明长期经营落叶松人工林易引起林地缺磷。

Effects of fertilization on growth amount and photosynthetic characteristics in larch plantations

One year-old young stand at second generation and 14 year-old young stand at first generation in larch plantations at Mt Maoershan. experiment forest farm were studied. Different fertilization treatment was carried out on forest land. The results showed fertilization could improve the difference in the forest's growth amount and photosynthetic capacity. Different generation forest land of larch plantation needs different nutrition. For young forest land at second generation, little amount of N fertilizer and much P fertilizer or N,P,K and organic fertilizer mixed fertilizer application could improve in forest's growth amount and photosynthetic capacity. The effect of fertilization treatment was treatment 130 kg/hm~2 (CO(NH_2)_2), 314 kg/hm~2 (NH_2)_2PO_4 and 436 kg/hm~2(CO(NH_2)_2)+236 kg/hm~2 (NH_2)_2PO_4+133 kg/hm~2 KCl+3 000 kg/hm~2organic. For young forest land at first generation, the effect of much N fertilizer, little amount of N fertilizer and much P fertilizer application and N,P,K mixed fertilizer application was better. The effect of fertilization treatment was treatment 520 kg/hm~2 CO(NH_2)_2, 314 kg/hm~2 (NH_2)_2PO_4 and 436 kg/hm~2 CO(NH_2)_2+236 kg/hm~2 (NH_2)_2PO_4+133 kg/hm~2 KCl. Long management easily makes lack of P in forest land of larch plantation.