四川主栽小麦品种RAPD标记遗传差异研究

采用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ） 标记，对四川近５０ 年来年推广面积６－６７ 万ｈｍ２（１００万亩）以上的４０ 个小麦主栽品种遗传差异进行了初步探讨。结果表明，５５ 个随机引物中，有３２个引物（ 占５８－２％ ） 扩增产物具有多态性。３２ 个引物共扩增出１８５ 条带，其中９３ 条带（ 占５０％ ）具有多态性，每个引物可扩增出１ ～１１ 条多态性带，平均２－９ 条。４０ 个品种ＲＡＰＤ 标记遗传距离（ＧＤ） 变异为０－０１９ ～０－４７５ ，平均ＧＤ 值为０－２２１。聚类分析表明，在ＧＤ 值０－２３ 水平上，４０ 个品种可聚为５ 类。一些随机引物对有些品种能进行特异性扩增。引物ＯＰＮ１４ 对小麦１ＢＳ 扩增能产生特异性ＤＮＡ 片段，能完全鉴定出４０ 个供试品种中的９ 个１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ小麦－ 黑麦易位系品种。据此认为，ＲＡＰＤ标记可以作为小麦品种鉴定的指纹图谱。

The Study on Genetic Variation of Sichuan Major Wheat Cultivars by RAPD Analysis

Genetic variation is the basis for genetic improvement and plant breeding. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variation by RAPD technique among 40 cultivars of wheat, which has been popularized above 6 67×10 4hm 2 per year in Sichuan during last 50 years. The results are as follows: 40 arbitrary primers (10-mers) were used for the PCR amplification of random genomic DNA fragments. Some 58 2% (amount to 32) of the primers could amplify polymorphic bands. Out of 185 amplified bands, 93 (about 50%) are polymorphic. Every primer could amplify 1 to 11 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2 9 bands. The mean GD based on RAPD markers among the 40 cultivars is 0 221, with a range from 0 019 to 0 475. Cluster analysis shows that the studied cultivars could be classified into 5 clusters at the level of GD 0 230. Some arbitrary primers could amplify certain cultivars specially. The 9 1BL/1RS wheat rye translocations has special RAPD banding pattern by the primer OPN14. Based on these results,it is concluded that RAPD markers could be used as the fingerprint to identify the wheat cultivars.