不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分及甘蔗生长和产量的影响

【目的】探讨不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分及甘蔗生长和产量的影响,为不同地膜在甘蔗生产中的应用提供参考。【方法】以露地栽培为对照,采用普通无色透明地膜、乳白色光降解除草地膜、黑色及灰黑双色4种不同地膜进行甘蔗覆盖栽培,盖膜期测定土壤温度和含水量,生长期调查甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率,测量甘蔗株高、茎径和有效茎数等农艺性状,收获期计算蔗茎产量和效益。【结果】覆盖地膜可明显提高土壤温度和土壤含水量,除灰黑双色地膜外,其他覆膜处理可提高土壤温度0.3-0.8℃;各覆膜处理较对照可有效提高土壤含水量10.1%-17.4%。覆盖地膜同时可提高甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率、有效茎数和蔗茎产量,分别比对照增加0.8%-9.9%、20.6%-34.9%、5190-10980条/ha和6.4%-14.9%,但对甘蔗株高和茎径影响不明显。经济效益分析结果表明,乳白色光降解除草地膜处理的经济效益最好,比对照增效5987.2元/ha;其次为普通无色透明地膜和黑色地膜,分别增效1876.5和1813.5元/ha;灰黑双色地膜效益较差。【结论】乳白色光降解除草地膜可在甘蔗生产中大力推广应用,黑色地膜与普通无色透明地膜可作为新型地膜逐步推广,灰黑双色地膜较厚不宜推广使用。

Effects of different plastic films mulching on soil temperature and moisture,and growth and yield of sugarcane

【Object】The effects of different plastic films mulching on soil temperature and moisture, and growth and yield of sugarcane were discussed in order to provide references for using different plastic film in sugarcane production. 【Method 】Four kinds of plastic films viz.,normal colorless transparent plastic film,milky photodegradation weeding plastic film,black plastic film and gray-black plastic film were used in sugarcane cultivation by using no film mulching as the control. Soil temperature and moisture were measured during plastic film mulching period,and sugarcane agronomic traits such as emergence rate,tillering rate,plant hight,stalk diameter and effective stalk number were investigated during growth period,the cane yield and economic benefits were calculated during harvest period.【Result 】The results showed that plastic film mulching could significantly increase soil temperature and moisture. Compared with the control,soil temperature was increased by 0.3-0.8 ℃ in three plastic films mulching treatment except for gray-black plastic film mulching. The soil moisture of all mulching treatments was 10.1 %-17.4% higher than the control. Furthermore,the seedling emergence rate,tillering rate,effective stalk number and cane yield also could be improved using plastic film mulching,which were increased by 0.8%-9.9%,20.6%-34.9%,5190-10980 stalks/ha and 6.4%-14.9% as compared to the control,while plant height and stalk diameter were found to be no significant effect by plastic film mulching. The results of benefit analysis indicated that, milky photodegradation weeding film mulching had the highest economic benefit,the second were normal colorless transparent plastic film mulching and black plastic film mulching,which were 5987.2,1876.5 and 1813.5 Yuan/ha higher than the control. The gray-black film mulching treatment had poor benefit. 【 Conclusion 】 The milky photodegradation weeding plastic film could be vigorously extended in sugarcane production. Normal colorless transparent plastic film and blac