2010／2011榨季广西甘蔗生产冻害调查及防御对策

【目的】了解2010年12月1613至2011年元月上中旬严重霜冻和长期低温对甘蔗生产的影响情况。【方法】采用面上调查、数据收集和实地调查相结合的方法，对地处广西桂中的来宾、柳州和桂西北的河池3个市的蔗区甘蔗受冻害、寒害情况进行系统调查。【结果】被调查的11个县甘蔗总受灾面积为203．25kha，占总植蔗面积（289．65kha）的70．2％，其中重灾区面积达97．43kha，占总种植面积的33．6％，主要集中在柳城、融安、融水、罗城、兴宾区、武宣和象州等地。甘蔗品种新台糖22号及台优受害最为严重，蔗叶明显干枯、卷曲、生长点及蔗芽坏死、蔗茎水煮状并带有酸酒味、蔗糖分下降；而在同一蔗区，桂糖21号、桂糖28号、桂糖29号、桂糖30号、桂辐98—296、桂糖97—69、桂糖02—208、桂糖02—901、桂糖02—467等甘蔗品种受害程度远低于新台糖22号，表现出较强的抗寒能力。【结论】应因地制宜加快耐寒高产高糖甘蔗品种的推广应用，尽快在桂中和桂西北蔗区种植耐寒甘蔗品种，取代抗寒性最差的新台糖22号；采用地膜、蔗叶覆盖、增施暖性有机肥和糖蜜酒精发酵液等措施防寒保温；及时集中抢收压榨受冻害甘蔗，尽量减少损失。

Survey of frost and cold damage on sugarcane production in Guangxi in 2010/2011 milling season and countermeasures

Objective]A comprehensive survey was carried out to investigate the adverse effects of the severe frost and long durational cold weather from 16 December 2010 to January 2011 on sugarcane production in Guangxi. Method]General investigation, statistical data collection and field investigation were combined for the survey which covered the sugarcane growing areas in Laibin, Liuzhou and Hechi cities where are located in the central and northwestern Guangxi. Result] The statistical area from 11 counties investigated showed that about 203.25 thousand hectares（kha） of sugarcane crops were injured or damaged, and 97.43 kha of the crops were seriously damaged, accounting for 70.2% and 33.6% of the total sugarcane growing area（289.65 kha）, respectively, and mainly in Liueheng, Rong＇an, Rongshui, Loucheng, Wuxuan and Xiangzhon counties, and Xinghin district. The adverse effects on sugarcane varieties ROC22 and Taiyou were most serious, and the crops were deadly damaged in most areas, especially ROC22. For the damaged plants, the leaves were dried up and curled over, and the growing points and buds were destroyed, and the longitudinal section of the cane tissue looked waterlogged with liquor smell. Compared to ROC22 and/or Taiyou, however, the injury or damage was much lighter for the sugarcane varieties GT21, GT28 （GTCPO0-122）, GT29, GT30, GF98-296, GT97-69, GT02-208, GT02-901, GT02-467, etc., indicating much stronger cold resistance. Conclusion]The cold resistant sugarcane varieties such as GT21, GT28, GT02-208, GT02-901, etc., should be extended to replace the cold sensitive variety ROC22 in the central and northwestern Guangxi sugarcane growing areas. Comprehensive wanning measures such as plastic film coverage, trash coverage, application of organic manures and vinasse are suggested. Priority on harvesting the deadly damaged cane crops and milling the canes as quickly as possible is strongly recommended to minimize the loss caused by the frost and chilling damage