水生无脊椎动物血淋巴细胞分类及免疫研究进展

水生无脊椎动物的血淋巴细胞是机体免疫防御屏障的重要组成部分,但对不同水生无脊椎动物的血淋巴细胞分类和功能的研究整体上比对脊椎动物的研究落后。本研究中系统地归纳和综述了贝类、甲壳类、棘皮动物等水生无脊椎动物血淋巴细胞的分类及其免疫功能的研究进展,贝类血淋巴细胞的分类主要以染色后细胞质中颗粒物质的有无作为指标,一般分为颗粒细胞(granulocyte)和透明细胞(hyalinocyte),其防御机制主要通过包囊作用、伤口修复、吞噬作用等方面体现;甲壳动物血淋巴细胞的分类主要依据血淋巴细胞的形态特征和胞质中颗粒物质的有无、大小和密度等特征,一般将其分为无颗粒细胞(hyaline cell)、小颗粒细胞(semi-granular cell)和大颗粒细胞(granular cell),透明细胞和小颗粒细胞共同介导吞噬作用,小颗粒细胞还介导包囊作用,大颗粒细胞主要介导细胞毒作用;棘皮动物的细胞免疫主要由体腔细胞即变形吞噬细胞或颗粒细胞完成。建议未来应使用多种方法和技术以及结合血淋巴细胞表面受体对水生无脊椎动物血淋巴细胞进行分类和功能研究。

Current progress of research on classification and immunity of hemocytes in aquatic invertebrates: a review

Immunology of aquatic invertebrates,as a branch discipline of aquaculture and aquatic biology,always attracts much attention of relevant researchers.Although classification and function of hemocytes of different aquatic invertebrates have been widely investigated in the past years,a systematic review of classification and immune function of hemocytes has seldom been well proposed compared with vertebrates.Since many aquatic invertebrates are common aquaculture species,and have many diseases frequently,hemocyte study is particularly important as a natural immune defence mechanism.Research on classification and related immune functions of aquatic invertebrate hemocytes shows great significance to further enrich studies on immune functions and mechanisms in aquatic animals,and also provides theoretical basis for disease prevention in aquatic invertebrates.The cellular immunity of echinoderms is primarily involved in coelomocytes including phagocytes or granular cells.According to the relevant references both at home and abroad in recent years,this paper reviews the classifications and immune functions of hemocytes in molluscs,crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates to provide theoretical basis for hemocyte study and disease control in aquatic invertebrates.