贫困山区农户土地流转及撂荒行为探究——基于山西省和顺县275份农户问卷调查

耕地细碎化和撂荒现象是当前农村土地面临的重大难题，贫困山区农地流转不畅及撂荒现象的改善对农地的高效利用和农户生计的可持续发展具有重大意义。基于山西省和顺县275 份农户问卷调查，运用二元Logit回归模型分析了农户个体特征、土地基础条件和家庭生计禀赋对当前农地流转行为、未来流转意愿及农地撂荒行为的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在农户生计趋向非农化的现状下，参与农地流转的农户仅占18.2%，未来愿意参与流转的农户占58.5%，当前有38.9%的农户存在农地撂荒现象。（2）贫困山区农地的当前转出行为和当前转入行为分别受家庭人均年收入和固定劳动力影响；户主年龄、家庭外出务工人数、人均健康水平、家庭承包地面积、土地肥沃程度和家庭人均年收入与未来流转意愿存在显著相关性。（3）土地流转背景下，家庭外出务工人数和承包地面积的增多是造成贫困山区农地撂荒的主要原因。因此，建议完善贫困山区农村社会保障制度，规范土地流转市场并加强对村集体的帮扶力度，以期改善农地细碎化及撂荒现象。

Land Circulation and Abandonment Behavior of Rural Households in Poor Mountainous Areas: A Study of 275 Farmers in Heshun County,Shanxi Province

The fragmentation and abandonment of cultivated land is a major problem facing rural land, the poor circulation of agricultural land in poor mountainous areas and the improvement of the abandonment phenomenon are of great significance to the efficient use of agricultural land and the sustainable development of farmers’livelihood. Based on the questionnaire survey of 275 rural households in Heshun County, Shanxi Province, the Binary Logit regression model was used to analyze the impact of individual household characteristics, land basic conditions and family livelihood endowments on current agricultural land circulation behavior, future circulation willingness and farmland abandonment behavior. The results showed that (1) under the current situation that farmers’livelihoods tend to be non-agricultural, only 18.2% farmers participated in the circulation of farmland, 57.8% farmers were willing to participate in land circulation, and 38.9% of the rural household had land abandonment; (2) the current transfer in rate and out rate of farmland in poor mountainous areas were affected by the per capita annual income and fixed labor of the family, respectively; there was a significant correlation between the age of the household head, the number of migrant workers, the per capita health level, the area of household contracted land, the fertility of the land and the annual per capita income of the family and the willingness of land circulation in the future; (3) under the background of land circulation, the increase in the number of out-of-home workers and the per capita contracted area were the main reasons for land abandonment. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the rural social security system, standardize the land circulation market and strengthen the assistance to the village collectives in poor mountainous areas, with a view to reducing the fragmentation and abandonment of agricultural land.