不同农作处理对西南土石山区坡耕地水土流失特征的影响

研究西南土石山区3种坡度、3种耕作措施下坡耕地的土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量和水土流失特征。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,横坡垄作、梯田提高土壤总孔隙度和土壤毛管孔隙度的作用越来越不明显;耕作措施对土壤的非毛管孔隙度无明显影响;横坡垄作小区土壤含水量平均增加13.59%,梯田小区土壤含水量平均增加18.52%,横坡垄作和梯田对坡耕地的土壤含水量均有促进作用,其中梯田的作用更加明显;在研究坡度(4.5°~14.4°)范围内,随着坡度的增加,横坡垄作的水土保持效益先增大后减小,梯田的水土保持效益则越来越高。

Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil and Water Loss Characteristics of Sloping Cropland in Rocky Mountain Area of Southwest China

The soil porosity,soil water content and soil and water loss characteristics of sloping cropland under three kinds of slopes and three kinds of tillage measures were studied in rocky mountain area of southwest China.The results showed that with the increase of soil depth,the effect of contour tillage and terraced field on soil total porosity and soil capillary porosity was becoming less and less obvious.The tillage measures had no significant effect on soil non-capillary porosity.The soil water content in the contour tillage plot average increased by 13.59%,and the soil wa-ter content in the terrace field increased by 18.52%on average.The contour tillage and terrace field had a positive effect on the soil water content of the sloping land,and the effect of terrace field was more obvious.With the increase of slope,the soil and water conservation benefits of contour tillage increased first and then decreased among the range of 4.5°~14.4°,and the soil and water conservation benefits of terraced field was high-er and higher.