山地水土流失的影响因素及其若干机理

综述了山地生态系统的特征,并系统介绍山地水土流失对侵蚀区的直接危害和对周边环境的间接威胁,同时深入分析了地形因子、气候条件、植被覆盖和人为活动等因素对山地水土流失的影响。结果表明,坡度、坡长、降雨量、雨强、植被覆盖度、群落结构、人为经济社会活动和土壤性质是影响水土流失发生与发展的重要驱动因素。各种影响因素可直接起到驱动作用,更多是多种因素综合作用而起到推动与加剧的作用,其内在机理包括植被与地形,土壤与降雨,降雨与植被,气候与系统,生产与干扰等方面相互关系与作用程度。应进一步加强全球气候变化对水土流失产生新影响的研究,并辅以遥感等现代技术,旨在为土壤侵蚀预报和防控山地水土流失提供科学依据。

Influencing Factors and Mechanisms of Soil Erosion in Mountainous Areas

Features of ecosystem in mountainous areas were summarized firstly ,and then the direct damage of soil erosion in mountainous areas to eroded areas and its indirect threat to surrounding environment were introduced .Meanwhile,the effects of topographic factors,climatic conditions, vegetation coverage,and human activities on soil erosion in mountainous areas were analyzed deeply .It is concluded that the extent of soil erosion is strongly influenced not only by slope length,slope gradient,precipitation,rainfall intensity,vegetative coverage,community structure,human e-conomic and social activities,and soil properties but also by the dynamics of the vegetation-landform,soil-rainfall,rainfall-vegetation,climate-eco-system,and production-interference interactions.Moreover,it is needed to investigate the responses of soil erosion to climate changes by modern technologies like remote sensing .This understanding of soil erosion mechanisms can provide scientific references for the prediction and control of soil erosion in hilly areas.