贵州玉舍国家森林公园“2·8”大火的气象条件分析

利用2010年2月8～9日贵州西部玉舍国家森林公园重大森林火灾资料和2009年9月～2010年2月气象资料,分析了＂2.8＂森林火灾的天气气候成因,同时利用相应的卫星遥感资料分析着火状况。结果表明：NOAA卫星资料是准确监测火灾发生,估算火区面积、强度和蔓延趋势最有效的途径;秋、冬季气温偏高、降水偏少,持续数月的干旱是贵州西部发生重大火灾的主要气候背景;贵州西部过渡季节干旱少雨的500 hPa平均环流特征是中高纬环流平直,东亚大槽偏浅,西太平洋副热带高压偏西偏强;青藏高原上空气压场持续偏强,影响我国的冷空气活动路径偏北、偏东,是贵州西部火灾环流形势之一;气温持续上升、湿度持续下降是火灾发生、蔓延的重要条件。

Analysis on the Meteorological Conditions of "2.8"Forest Fire in Yushe National Forest Park of Guizhou Province

The climatic conditions of"2.8"forest fire were analyzed based on the serious forest fire data from February 8 to 9 in 2010 in Yushe National Forest Park of West Guizhou and meteorological data from September in 2009 to February in 2010 as well as satellite observation data.The results showed that NOAA satellite data was the most effective way to exactly detect the fire,estimate the burning area and intensity as well as the spread trend.The primary climatic backgrounds of the serious forest fire in West Guizhou were higher air temperature and lower precipitation in autumn and winter as well as long-term drought.500 hPa mean circulation characteristics of drought and rainless during the transition season in West Guizhou were straight circumfluence in mid-high latitude,shallow East Asia trough and stronger West Pacific subtropical high.One of the fire circulation situations in West Guizhou was∶pressure field over the Tibetan Plateau continued to be stronger,which caused the northerly and easterly active path of cold air.Rising temperature and falling humidity were the important conditions for fire occurrence and spread.