不同配比菇渣和牛粪基质的性状及其对幼苗生长的影响

目的]研究菇渣和牛粪有机复合基质在番茄、黄瓜和西瓜育苗上的最佳基质配比。方法]以充分腐熟的菇渣和牛粪基质为原料,形成不同配比有机复合育苗基质,以草炭和蛭石（2∶1,V/V）为对照,采用穴盘育苗的方法,研究了菇渣有机复合基质理化性状,及其对番茄、黄瓜和西瓜生长的效应。结果]不同配比菇渣和牛粪有机复合基质容重、孔隙度均在适宜理想基质要求范围之内,与对照相比,较高比例牛粪复合基质pH偏碱,EC值偏高,不适宜作物正常生长,而适宜比例牛粪复合基质理化性质适合幼苗正常生长,幼苗生长健壮。结论]番茄和西瓜幼苗的生长对复合基质中牛粪的响应相似,均表现出菇渣∶牛粪为3∶1的复合基质育苗效果最好,黄瓜以复合基质菇渣∶牛粪∶河砂为2∶1∶0.5的育苗效果最好。

The Study on Compound Substrate Properties with Spent Mushroom Compost and Cattle Manure Compost and Effects on the Growth of Seedlings

Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound(SMC) and cattle manure compost for the seedling growth of tomato,cucumber and watermelon.Method] With internationally best formula substrate(turf∶vermiculite = 2∶1) used for CK,SMC and CMC were matched according to different proportions to get different substrate whose physical and chemical nutrient properties and their effects on the growth of tomato,cucumber and watermelon were studied by means of plug seeding technology.Result] The results showed that the bulk density,porosity and the pH of the compound substrates are all in the ideal condition.However,CMC increased the EC value and the pH of the compound substrates.Compound substrates with high ratio of CMC are not suitable for seedlings.Conclusion] Tomato and watermelon seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC∶CMC=3∶1 with no river sand.And the cucumber seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC∶CMC=2∶1 with 5% volume river sand.