基于Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen指标的福建省农业全要素生产率测度及收敛性分析

【目的】测算福建省农业全要素生产率（Total factor productivity，TFP）并判断其变动趋势，为促进区域协调发展及实现农业高质量发展提供科学决策。【方法】利用Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen（LHM）指标具备加性完备条件，基于自由处置壳（Free disposal hull，FDH）模型构造LHM TFP指标，将县域划分为一般县（市）、贫困县和发达市（区），测度2003—2018年福建省全省及县域的农业TFP，并分解为技术效率变化、规模效率变化和技术进步，分析其收敛性特征。【结果】2003—2018年福建省农业TFP整体上呈增长趋势，2018年达0.840，年均增长率为5.731%；技术效率变化、规模效率变化和技术进步年均增长率分别为-1.231%、2.032%和4.930%，表明技术进步是TFP增长的主要驱动力，技术效率变化拉低TFP增长。从福建省一般县（市）、贫困县、发达市（区）的划分来看，各区域农业TFP及其分解指标与全省层面表现基本一致。福建省全省及一般县（市）、贫困县农业TFP存在σ收敛、绝对β收敛及条件β收敛，发达市（区）农业TFP不存在收敛趋势。TFP低的县（市）有追赶效应，城镇化、工业化对福建省全省及一般县（市）农业TFP收敛过程有促进作用，但工业化对贫困县农业TFP收敛具有抑制作用。【建议】积极发展适度规模经营，加快先进生产要素向农业园区集聚，提升农业科技创新能力；各县域应因地制宜，发达市（区）发挥技术引领与辐射作用，一般县（市）着重提升技术效率级规模效率，贫困县则要优化要素资源配置；加快形成功能互补的发展格局，推动先进生产要素向农业优势，实现农业劳均产出均衡发展。。

Measurement and convergence of agriculture total factor productivity in Fujian based on Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen indicator

【Objective】In order to provide a scientific decision-making reference for achieving high-quality agricultural development, agricultural total factor productivity(TFP) was accurately measuredand its evolutionary trend and convergence characteristics in Fujian were discussed.【Method】Using the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen(LHM) indicator with additive completeness conditions, the LHM TFP indicator was constructed based on the free disposal shell(FDH) model.From the perspective of the county level, including general counties(cities), poor counties and developed cities(districts), the agricultural TFP in counties of Fujian from 2003 to 2018 was measured, and decomposed into technological efficiency changes(TEC) scale efficiency changes(SEC) and technological progress(TP), and then its convergence characteristics were analyzed.【Result】During 2003-2018, the agricultural TFP showed growing trend in Fujian, which reached 0.840 in 2018 with an average annual increase rate of 5.731%.The average annual growth rates of TEC, SEC, and TP were -1.231%, 2.032% and 4.930%, respectively, indicating that technological progress was the main driving force for TFP growth, but changes in technical efficiency was the main limiting factor.The agricultural TFP of general counties(cities), poor counties and developed cities(districts) in Fujian and its decomposition indicators were more consistent with the performance of the provincial level.There were σ convergence, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence of agricultural TFP in Fujian and its general counties(cities) and poorcounties, while not in developed ones.A catch-up effect was observed in low total factor productivity counties(cities).Urbanization and industrialization could promote agricultural TFP convergence process in Fujian and the general counties(cities), but industrialization constrained TFP convergence process in the poor counties.【Suggestion】First, it is necessary to actively develop moderate-scale management body, to accelerate the gathering of advanced production factors in agricultural parks, and to enhance the innovation ability of agricultural science and technology.Second, with adaptation to local conditions, the developed cities(districts) must play a role in technology leadership and radiation, general counties(cities) focusing on improving TEC and SEC, and poor counties optimizing the allocation of factor resources.Finally, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of a functionally complementary development pattern, to promote advanced production factors to agricultural advantages, and to achieve balanced development of agricultural labor output.