不同荚色豇豆品种花青素和营养成分含量变化分析

【目的】分析不同荚色品种豇豆花青素和营养成分含量的变化规律,为豇豆特色品种选育及其规模化生产提供参考依据。【方法】以白荚的苏豇1419、紫荚的苏紫41、青荚的苏青29和绿白荚的苏豇3号为材料,测定分析其不同发育时期嫩荚及商品荚的花青素、矿物质(钙、镁和铁)及常规营养成分(可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、纤维素、维生素C、淀粉、干物质和脂肪)含量。【结果】苏紫41商品荚的花青素含量为330.48 nmol/gFW,极显著高于其他3个不同荚色品种(P0.01);苏豇1419的钙含量最高(1295.75 mg/kgDW),显著高于苏豇3号和苏紫41(P0.05);4个不同荚色豇豆品种均有各自突出的常规营养成分。在豆荚发育过程中,苏豇1419、苏豇3号和苏青29的花青素含量(3.92~30.98nmol/gFW)均有明显变化,但变化范围明显小于苏紫41(花青素含量为174.33~644.52 nmol/gFW);苏豇1419、苏豇3号和苏紫41的可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,苏青29呈上升—下降—上升的变化趋势;苏豇1419、苏青29和苏豇3号的可溶性总糖含量总体上呈上升趋势,苏紫41呈上升—下降变化趋势;苏豇1419、苏豇3号和苏青29的维生素C含量最高值分别出现在前期荚(长30 cm)、后期荚(长40 cm)和前期荚(长30 cm),苏紫41的维生素C含量最高值出现在后期荚(长50 cm);4个不同荚色品种豇豆豆荚的纤维素含量总体上也呈上升趋势。不同荚色品种豇豆的花青素含量与营养成分含量间存在不同程度的协同或拮抗关系。【结论】紫荚的苏紫41花青素含量最高,青荚的苏青29纤维素含量较高、脂肪含量较低,白荚的苏豇1419钙和脂肪含量较高,绿白荚的苏豇3号营养成分含量一般,这些特征可供豇豆特色品种选育及其规模化生产参考利用。

Variation of anthocyanin contents and nutrient component contents in yardlong bean varieties with different pod colors

Objective]Variations of anthocyanin contents and nutrient component contents of yardlong bean varieties with various pod colors were studied in order to provide reference for breeding of yardlong bean and large-scale planting.Method]Yardlong bean varieties Sujiang 1419(white pod), Suzi 41(purple pod), Suqing 29(green pod) and Sujiang No. 3(green-white pod) were selected as the materials. Anthocyanin,mineral(calcium,magnesium and iron) and conventional nutrient contents(soluble protein,soluble total sugar,cellulose,vitamin C,starc,dry matter and fat) in different develop-ment periods of tender pods and commercial pods were measured and analyzed. Result]As for commercial pods, the con-tent of anthocyanin in Suzi 41 was 330.48 nmol/gFW,which was extremely significantly higher than that of the other three varieties(P<0.01). Content of calcium in Sujiang 1419 was the highest(1295.75 mg/kgDW),which was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of Suijiang No.3 and Suzi 41.The four yardlong bean varieties with different pod colors had their own prominent conventional nutrient contents. During development period of pods,there were significant or obvious changes in anthocyanin content(3.92-30.98 nmol/gFW) of Sujiang 1419,Sujiang No.3 and Suqing 29,but the variation range of which was lower than that of Suzi 41(174.33-644.52 nmol/gFW). The changes of soluble protein content was in an up-down trend in Sujiang 1419,Sujiang No.3 and Suzi 41,but it appeared up-down-up trend in Suqing 29. The total soluble sugar content rised continuously in Sujiang 1419,Suqing 29 and Sujiang No.3,but it rose and then fell in Suzi 41. The highest value of vitamin C content appeared at early pod(30 cm in length) stage in Sujiang 1419 and Suqing 29,but it was at late pod in Sujiang No.3(40 cm in length) and Suzi 41(50 cm in length). Cellulose content of the four yardlong bean va-rieties with different pod colors showed an increasing trend. There were synergic relationship or antagonism relationship be-tween anthocyanin content and nutrient component contents in pods of different yardlong beans. Conclusion]Suzi 41 with purple pods contains the highest content of anthocyanins; Suqing 29 with green pods contains high content of cellulose and low content of fat; Sujiang 1419 with white pods contains high calcium and fat content and Sujiang No.3 with green-white pods contains general nutrient content. These characteristics can be used for breeding special varieties of yardlong bean and its large-scale planting.