大棚与露地豇豆病虫害发生情况比较

【目的】对设施大棚与露地栽培条件下豇豆病虫害发生情况进行比较分析，为设施大棚病虫害防治及其在海南省的推广应用提供依据。【方法】2010~2011年冬季和2011年春夏季，分别进行露地与设施大棚豇豆栽培试验，调查记录不同季节大棚及露地豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马、叶螨、白粉病、锈病、轮纹病、煤霉病等病虫害发生情况。【结果】大棚内豇豆斜纹夜蛾、豆荚螟、斑潜蝇、蓟马等虫口数略低于露地，其中蓟马在豇豆整个生育期虫口数较高，是危害豇豆的主要害虫；豇豆病害以锈病和轮纹病为主，其中2011年春夏季种植的豇豆锈病和轮纹病明显比2010～2011年冬季重。【结论】设施大棚对豇豆害虫有一定的隔离作用，达到降低害虫虫口基数的目的；但对于病害，露地与设施大棚豇豆病害总体未见太大差异。

Comparison of disease situation and insect-pests incidences in cowpea plantations in greenhouse and open field

Objective]The regularity of disease and insect pests incidences in cowpea plantations were compared in greenhouse and open field conditions to develop proper disease and insect pests control measures in Hainan.Method]Cowpea cultivation experiments were conducted separately in open field and greenhouse during winter in 2010-2011 and spring and summer in 2011 to investigate the presence of diseases and insects pests such as Prodenia litura,bean-pod borer,Liriomyza sativae,thrip,leaf mite,powdery mildew,rust disease,ring rot,and black leaf mold,etc.Result]The initial population number of Prodenia litura,bean-pod borer,Liriomyza sativae and thrips in greenhouse was lower than those recorded in open field conditions.The initial population number of thrips was high at all growth stages of cowpea,i.e.,thrips were the main insect pest which affected cowpea growth and development.Rust and ring rot diseases were identified as the major diseases and these were significantly more severe in cowpea planted during spring and summer of 2011 compared to cowpea cropped during the winter of 2010-2011.Conclusion]Under green house conditions,the insect and pests can be controlled,however no significant differences were observed in disease incidences in greenhouse and open field conditions.