小流域水土流失综合治理研究

以宁化县过龙社、瑶背江、松子岗、方田、武层、陈田、社背小流域为研究区,从宏观监测和微观监测两个层面监测了研究区小流域水土流失动态变化、植被自然演替状况、植被覆盖度、林草生长量,以及经济效益和社会效益等指标.结果表明：项目区水土流失面积呈下降趋势,已从治理前的74.88 km2下降到2013年的26.12 km2;综合治理措施保存率达 80％以上,宜草宜林面积达80％以上;林草植被覆盖率从49.2％提高到58.0％;防洪减沙效益提高,减沙率达70％以上;平均土壤侵蚀模数从1997 t/（km2·a）降低到1 500 t/（km2·a）以下.通过治理,项目区水土流失面积显著减少,水土保持达到了预期目标,水土流失防治效果基本达到了国家有关技术规范的要求.

A Study of Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion of Small Watershed

With the watersheds of Guolongshe, Yaobeijiang, Songzigang, Fangtian, Wuceng, Chentian and Shebei in Ninghua county as the study area, the indicators on the watersheds in the study area such as the dynamic changes of soil erosion, vegetation succession, vegetation coverage, forest growth as well as the economic and social benefits were monitored from two aspects of macroscopic and microscopic monitoring. The results showed that the area of soil erosion in the project area showed a declining trend, decreased from 74.88 km2 before the implementation of the control project to 26.12 km2 in the year of 2013. The survival rate of the comprehensive control measures was above 80% and the area suitable for grass and forest was more than 80%. The vegetation coverage was increased from 49.2% to 58.0%. The flood prevention and sediment reduction benefit was improved and the sediment reduction rate was more than 70%. The average soil erosion modulus was reduced from 1997 t/（km2·a）to below 1 500 t/（km2·a）. With the implementation of the control project the soil erosion area in the project area was reduced significantly, the expected objective of the water and soil conservation was achieved and the effects of the soil erosion control have met the requirement of relevant national technical specifications.