平朔煤矿露井联采区生态环境演化分析

采用实地调绘、遥感解译、统计分析、历史类比与趋势外推相结合的方法,对黄土高原区平朔露井联采区2006~2080年期间不同情景下的土地利用/覆盖变化、水土流失变化和生态环境质量状况进行了预测和评价,以期为平朔矿区生态环境建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:(1)矿区共挖损、压占和占用土地面积10 791.81 hm2,挖损、压占和占用耕地面积6 239.30 hm2。因井工开采诱发地面中度以上沉陷损害土地资源面积2198.60 hm2。(2)不同情境下研究区生态环境状况指数在20.44~25.33之间变化,环境质量状况在山西省属于较差等级,废弃地全部复垦成林草地情况下生态环境质量状况最好。(3)由于采掘规模的不断扩大,植被的彻底破坏,矿区水土流失明显增加,但在后期土地复垦和生态重建措施下,随着林草植被的恢复,水土流失强度逐渐降低。

Eco-environment Change Analysis of Pingshuo Coal Open-pit with Underground Mining

Adopting the method of combining surveying and mapping on the spot,remote sensing interpretation,statistical analysis,historical analogy and inferring from trend,we analyze the change of land use/cover,soil and water loss and eco-environmental quality in different situations in Pingshuo coal open-pit with underground mining during 2006~2080.The result shows that:(1)there will be 10 791.81 ha of land being excavated and covered,6 239.30 ha of cultivated land being excavated and covered,2 198.60 ha of land being destroyed by artificial mining subsidence.(2)Eco-environmental quality index,which changed between 20.44 and 25.33,is the worst level in Shanxi province.Eco-environmental quality is the best in the situation of forest-grassland reclamation modes.(3)Soil and water loss increased with increasing mining activities,but decreased with the recovery of vegetation under land reclamation and ecological restoration measure in the last years.