叶面喷施有机钾肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响

为研究叶面喷施有机钾肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响,本研究以烤烟品种“云烟105”为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组田间试验设计,在打顶后分2次叶面喷施有机钾肥,并以喷施清水为对照,分析比较叶面喷施有机钾肥对成熟期烟株农艺性状、光合特性、生物量、烤后烟叶单叶重及品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施有机钾肥能显著提高烟株的株高、叶面积系数、生物量等性状。叶面积系数增加了10.7%,根的干重增加了50%,叶片的干重增加了36.5%。同时,叶面喷施有机钾肥还有效地改善了叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。在烤后烟叶的化学成分方面,叶面喷施有机钾肥还能提高烟叶钾含量,降低烟碱含量,进一步协调烟叶的化学成分。此外,叶面喷施有机钾肥后,中部叶片感官质量的总体评价优于对照,尤其在香气质、杂气程度、甜度等方面均明显好于对照。本试验的结果说明,在成熟期叶面喷施有机钾肥,对于提高单叶重,增加叶面积系数,协调烟叶内部化学成分,提高烟叶品质有积极的作用。

Effects of Foliar Application of Organic Potassium Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Flue Cured Tobacco

In order to study the effects of foliar application of organic potassium fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, "Yunyan 105" was used as the experimental material. A single factor randomized block field experiment was designed. After topping, organic potassium fertilizer was sprayed twice, and water was used as the control. The effects of different treatments on agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass, single leaf weight and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that foliar application of organic potassium fertilizer could significantly improve the plant height, leaf area coefficient and biomass of tobacco. The leaf area coefficient increased by 10.7%, root dry weight increased by 50%, leaf dry weight increased by 36.5%. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves were improved by foliar application of organic potassium fertilizer. In terms of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves, spraying organic potassium fertilizer on the leaf surface can also increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves, reduce the nicotine content, and further coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves. In addition, after foliar application of organic potassium fertilizer, the overall evaluation of the sensory quality of the middle leaves was better than that of the control, especially in the aspects of aroma quality, impurity degree and sweetness. The results of this experiment showed that spraying organic potassium fertilizer on leaves at maturity stage had a positive effect on increasing single leaf weight, increasing leaf area coefficient, coordinating internal chemical components of tobacco leaves and improving the quality of tobacco leaves.