油茶开花习性的观察研究

对油茶Camellia oleifera花期变异、授粉习性、落花落果过程及其影响因子的多年多点试验研究表明：①影响油茶花期因子有遗传因子和气候因子，前者决定花期类型，如早、中、晚花类型，性状稳定；气候因子主要是9月平均气温决定“入秋”早迟和花期早迟，进而影响授粉条件和次年产量。②油茶自花不孕．辅助授粉坐果率普遍高于自然授粉，随着花期推迟两者差距越大，说明开花授粉受花期气候和授粉媒介双重影响。不同单株间双列交配，出现一些平均坐果率高的母本、父本植株和坐果率高的特殊交配组合．说明单株间花粉活力和交配亲和力存在差异。③油茶花期长，在正常情况下，花后10d开始落花，高峰在花后30d内。早、中花类开花时气温高，花期集中，坐果率高，落花也集中：晚花类相反．花期长，坐果率低。落花分散。3—10月为落果期，前期落果主要为受精不良、胚珠发育停滞；8-10月为后期落果高峰期，落果数可占总落果量的50％，对产量影响极大，主要是病害引起。

Flowering habits in Camellia oleifera

In order to study the flowering period, pollination habit, reason of floral and fruit drops of Camellia oleifera, a trial of Coleifera was conducted on multiple sites(seven sites in Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui Province)over years(1969-1984). Results showed that genetic and climatic factors influenced the flowering period. Genetic factors were stable and determined the early, mid-or late flowering period;climatic factors, mainly the average atmospheric temperature in September, determined when"autumn"and the flowering period started. Also. there was self-infertility in C. oleifera with artificial pollination having a higher fruit setting percentage than self-pollination;if the flowering period started late there was a large gap between these pollination types. Diallel hybridization between individual trees as well as some special mating combinations resulted in progeny with a fruit-setting percentage higher than that of the maternal or paternal parents. In addition. C. oleifera had a long flowering period. For early and mid-flowering types, the atmospheric temperature was high during the centralized flowering period, the fruit setting percentage was high, and floral drop period wag also centralized. For the late flowering type, fruit drop periods were March to October, where fruit drop resulted from poor fertilization and stagnancy of ovule development, and August to October, where fruit drop, mainly from diseases and pests, reached a peak of about 50% of the total fruit dropped and had a great effect on yield. Ch, 8 tab. 9 ref. ]