油茶等植物提取物及制剂抑线效果

为了寻找植源性杀线虫活性材料，利用Bursaphelenchus xyluplilus 和Meloidogyne incognita 作为室内离体生测目标，测定了油茶籽饼等植物材料的杀线活性，以及茶皂素制剂和油茶籽饼对作物根结线虫的盆栽和大田防效。结果表明，油茶籽饼、茶果皮和茶籽粗提物均具有较强的杀线活性，当粗提物浓度为10 mg·mL^-1，作用72 h，B. xyluplilus校正死亡率分别为90%、100%和100%；作用48 h，油茶籽饼和茶籽粗提物对M. incognita达到中强杀线活性，其毒力有明显浓度效应；茶皂素制剂对番茄根结线虫病有良好盆栽防效，用茶皂素 （有效含量） 1.5和0.75 g·kg^-1处理盆土30 d后，番茄的根结和M. incognita 2龄幼虫（Juvenile 2, J2）均下降，对番茄苗期生物量有明显的增加。在瓜蒌出苗前1周，沟施油茶籽饼，用量2.5 t·hm^-2时对大田瓜蒌根结线虫病有较好的防效，显著抑制土壤中J2的增殖，对瓜蒌的挂果数和果径有一定的增加。该文首次报道油茶副产物对作物线虫病害的盆栽和田间防效，为直接利用油茶籽饼或茶籽等防治作物的根结线虫病害提供了依据。

Control of Camellia plant extracts and its preparation against plant parasitic nematodes

For the aim of screening nematicidal materials, Bursaphelenchus xyluplilus and Meloidogyne incognita were used as target in vitro bioassay to determined nematicidal activity of oil-tea cake and other plant materials; further control effects of tea-saponin preparations and oil-tea cake were assessed against root-knot nematode disease in pot experiment and field experiment, respectively. The results showed that plant extracts of oil-tea cake, tea-pericarp, and tea-seed reached strong nematocidal activity, inducing 90, 100 and 100% mortality of B. xyluplilus respectively at 10 mg/ml after exposure for 72 h. Plant extracts of oil-tea cake and tea-seed reached medium-strong activity against M.incognita after exposure for 48 h. The effects of plant extracts concentrations on toxicity against B.xyluplilus were observed. The tea-saponin preparations obviously controlled tomato root-knot nematode disease in pot experiment, root gall, and M. incognita juvenile 2 (J2) population were reduced; tomato biomass were increased obviously at 30 d after pot-soil treated with 1.5 g and 0.75 g (effective content) tea saponin per 1 kg soil at tomato seedling transplant. Oil-tea cake showed certain effect against root-knot nematode disease in field experiment applied by furrow application one week before Fructus Trichosanthis emergence, and the proliferation of J2 in soil was inhibited significantly 150 d later, while the fruit number and diameter were increased 180 d later after application. This paper reported the pot and field control effects of oil-tea vice products against plant nematodes for the first time. The results provide a basis for directly using oil tea and tea vice-products to the control of crop root-nematode disease.