江淮中部夏玉米品种产量性状及光能利用率差异研究

以19个夏玉米品种为试验材料,通过田间小区试验对各品种产量、光能利用率及抗倒性进行比较分析,研究适宜江淮中部的夏玉米品种类型。结果表明:(1)供试玉米在苗期、抽雄期的生长期相差4 d,到拔节期、灌浆期扩至7 d,而全生育期则相差8 d。(2)穗长、穗粒数和穗粗与产量呈显著正相关,秃尖长、株高和百粒重则与产量相关性不显著,其中秋乐368等4品种产量显著高于其他品种。(3)夏玉米在各生育阶段的光能利用率呈单峰趋势,最大光能利用率出现在拔节期,且拔节期、抽雄期、全生育期光能利用率与籽粒光能利用率呈极显著正相关。(4)拔节期出现中度倒伏,3 d后得到恢复,而抽雄吐丝期遭受重度倒伏后难以恢复;新单88等5个品种抗倒伏能力强。(5)综合产量、光能利用率和抗倒伏等因素,适宜江淮中部的夏玉米产量目标可达9 000 kg·hm-2的水平、籽粒光能利用率为1.2%、且在全生育中期抗倒伏能力强,19个品种中的较为适宜品种为秋乐368和裕丰303。

Study on yield characters and light energy utilization ratio of summer maize varieties in Jianghuai Region

In order to study maize varieties suitable for Jianghuai region, the experiment was conducted by 19 summer maize varieties which were analyzed three aspects such as the yield, light energy utilization rate, and lodging resistance. The results showed as follows: (1) The growth period of the tested maize in the seedling stage and the tasseling stage was 4 days. It was extended to 7 days in the jointing stage and the filling stage, and the whole growth period was 8 days apart. (2) The yield was a significant correlation between ear length, ear grain number, and ear diameter, while the yield was no a correlation between the length of shoot tip, plant height, and 100-grain weight. The yields of 4 varieties such as Qiule 368 were significantly higher than other varieties. (3) The utilization rate of light energy of summer maize showed a single peak trend at the growth stage, and the peak appeared in the jointing stage. The correlated significantly with the grain utilization rate of light energy were jointing stage, tasseling stage and whole growth period. (4) When summer maize appeared lodging moderately in the jointing stage, it would be restored after 3 days. However, summer maize was hard to recover in the tasseling stage, if it encounters severe lodging. Five varieties, such as Xindan 88, have strong lodging resistance. (5) The summer maize varieties suitable for Jianghuai region were Qiule 368 and Yufeng 303 by the experiment, in which the yield of aim was up to 9 000 kg·hm^-2, grain light energy utilization rate was 1.2%, and had more strong resistant during the whole growth period.