刺葡萄籽油萃取及成分分析研究

以刺葡萄种籽为原料,采用普通超临界和超声波强化超临界萃取技术,对发酵、未发酵不同处理的刺葡萄种籽进行脂肪酸萃取,并用气相色谱—质谱联用仪对刺葡萄种籽油的化学成分进行了分析。结果表明,刺葡萄种籽油萃取的最佳工艺为萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度35℃,分离温度55℃,分离压力12 MPa,在此条件下,普通超临界装置萃取的刺葡萄籽油萃取率高、油脂清亮且透明度好,优于超声波强化超临界装置。GC-MS分析显示,2种不同处理的刺葡萄籽油的成分都以脂肪酸为主,其中未发酵的刺葡萄籽油不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为87%,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主,质量分数为85.67%;发酵后的刺葡萄籽油不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为83%,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主,质量分数为82%,其油脂微浊,酸价较高,油质较不发酵的刺葡萄籽油脂低。

Extration and Composition Analysis of the Grape(Vitis davidii foex)Seed Oil

This study is carried out to investigate the effects of different pre-treatment(fermented or unfermented) on theextraction of fatty acid of Grape(Vitis davidii Foex) seed by using common supercritical fluid extraction method andultrasonic-enhanced supercritical fluid extraction method,and also to analyze the chemical compositions of Grape seed oil byGC-MS.The result is as follows: the extraction pressure is 30 MPa,the extraction temperature is 35 ℃,the separationtemperature is 55 ℃ and the separation pressure is 12 MPa.The data acquired by common supercritical fluid method alsoshows a higher extractability and the extracted oil is clearer with higher transparency in the optimal extraction process,compared to the method of ultrasonic-enhanced supercritical fluid.By comparison,the results obtain from GC-MS compositionsanalysis of grape seed oil show that it extracted from unfermented grape seeds has 87 percent unsaturated fatty acid,with85.67 percent linoleic acid.The grape seed oil has 83 percent unsaturated fatty acid,with 82 percent linoleic acid after thegrape seeds are treated by fermentation.