4种溪黄草药材基原植物种子状果实形态特征的比较

本研究采用体视镜和扫描电镜相结合的方法,对4种溪黄草药材基原植物种子状果实的形态特征进行观察比较。线纹香茶菜、纤花香茶菜及长叶香茶菜种子状果实的形状特征相似,呈卵型,大小为0.88~1.17 mm×0.54~0.77 mm,大小顺序依次为线纹香茶菜>纤花香茶菜>长叶香茶菜;表面具有网状纹饰,但网壁隆起高度不同,高度依次为线纹香茶菜>纤花香茶菜>长叶香茶菜;遇水后出现粘液质,其中线纹香茶菜与纤花香茶菜的果实均具有较多粘液质,长叶香茶菜只有少数果实具有粘液质,且量多少不一。溪黄草种子状果实形态特征与上述3种植物明显不同,呈阔卵圆型,大小为1.24~1.60 mm×0.89~1.33 mm;种子状果实表面的网状纹饰粗糙且多皱缩,具有散在的腺点和白色非腺毛,多分布于顶端,由1~3个细胞组成;遇水后无粘液质出现。结果表明,上述4种植物种子状果实在形状、大小、表面纹理及粘液质有无等方面存在较为明显的差异。种子状果实形态特征的差异可为4种植物提供一定的分类依据。

Comparison of the Morphological Characteristics of the Seed-like Fruits of Four Origins of Xihuangcao

In this study,the morphological characteristics of the seed-like fruit of Rabdosia lophanthoides,R.lophanthoides var.gerardiana,R.stracheyi and R.serra were observed and compared by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The seed-like fruits of R.lophanthoides,R.lophanthoides var.gerardiana and R.stracheyi were similar in form characteristics,with an ovate shape and a size of 0.88~1.17 mm×0.54~0.77 mm.The order of size was R.lophanthoides>R.lophanthoides var.gerardiana>R.stracheyi.The surface was decorated with reticular ornamentation,but the height of the reticular wall was different,and the height of which in turn was R.lophanthoides>R.lophanthoides var.gerardiana>R.stracheyi;the fruits of R.lophanthoides and R.lophanthoides var.gerardiana appeared more mucus after meeting water,only a few of the fruits of R.stracheyi had mucus and the amount was different.The shape and morphological characteristics of the seed-like fruits of R.serra were significantly different from those of the three plants mentioned above,showed a Broadly oval shape with a size of 1.24~1.60 mm×0.89~1.33 mm.The reticulated surface of the seed-like fruit was rough and wrinkled,with scattered glandular points and white non-glandular hairs,mostly distributed on the top,composed of 1~3 cells;no mucus appeared after contact with water.The results showed that there were significant differences in the shape,size,surface texture and the presence or absence of mucus in the seed-like fruits of the four plants.The difference in the morphological characteristics of the seed-like fruits can provided some taxonomic basis for four plants.