60Coγ辐射对苹果属观赏海棠诱变效应的研究初报

摘 要：为探讨60Coγ射线辐射处理对苹果属观赏海棠的诱变效应，以观赏海棠品种绚丽（M. ‘Radiant’）和印第安魔力（M. ‘Indian Magic’）的一年生枝为试材，采用4个剂量的60Coγ射线辐射处理，观察与测试其被辐射枝条上芽体的成活率、成活后新梢的生长状况、新梢叶片形态的变化和对蚜虫的抗性。结果表明：60Coγ射线辐射处理降低被辐射枝条嫁接成活率，抑制其新梢和叶片的生长，使叶面积降低，厚度增加，叶色加深，新梢叶片蚜虫的感染率降低。分析认为：60Coγ射线辐射使观赏海棠嫁接后幼树的生长受到明显的抑制，使叶形态和功能得到改善，表现出明显的矮化征状，同时使植株抗虫性得到一定程度地提高。

A Primary Report of the Mutagenic Effects on Malus Ornamental Crabapple Induced by 60Coγ-Irradiation

In order to study the mutagenic effect of the 60Coγ irradiation treatment on ornamental crabapple, we selected four 60Coγ dose to irradiate one-year-old branch of ＇ Radiant＇ erabapple （M. ＇Radiant＇.） and ＇Indian Magic＇ crabapple （M. ＇Indian Magic＇） then, to investigate the survival rate of the bud on the grafted branch, the growth of shoots, the morphological character of leaves at shoots and the resistance to aphid. The results were as follows： 60Coγirradiation reduced the survival rate of the grafted branch, inhibited the growth of the leaves as well as shoots at the grafted branch. Also, 60Coγirradiation reduced the leaf area associated with an increase of the leaf thickness. Moreover, the leaf color was deeper and the aphid infection rate of leaves was decreased. It suggested that effects of 60Coγirradiation on growth of survived plants, the leaf morphology and the aphid infection was significant relation to variety for dwarf in malus plant.