应用SNP精准鉴定大豆种质及构建可扫描身份证

为加强大豆种质资源管理及品种保护,本研究构建了一套基于单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记的快速鉴定体系。选用分布于13个基因的23个SNP标记对599份大豆表型精准鉴定种质进行基因型分析。结果表明,SNP标记的遗传多样性指数范围0~0.722,其中3个SNP在供试材料中不存在碱基差异,2个SNP为特异等位变异。从具有多态性的20个SNP中选出14个(Gly SNP14)用于种质鉴定,其中12个为高多态性SNP,2个为特异性SNP。模拟结果表明,Gly SNP14的种质鉴别能力(750份种质)高于任意相同数目标记构成的SNP随机组合(最多361份种质)。Gly SNP14在599份种质中共形成了176个单倍型,其中100份种质具有独特的单倍型。结合这些种质的其他属性,构建了100份种质由38个数字组成的身份证,前10位数字为种质属性信息码,包括品种类别、来源地等;11~38位数字为品种分子指纹码,代表品种的特异分子信息,并最终以一维码和二维码的形式表示,为种质资源简易管理与保护利用提供了有效途径。

Accurate Identification of Varieties by Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Establishment of Scannable Variety IDs for Soybean Germplasm

In order to strengthen the management of soybean germplasm and variety protection, SNP markers were developed to establish the identity of soybean varieties. A set of 23 SNP markers distributed in 13 genes were used to discriminate genotypes of 599 soybean varieties, grown in most of the soybean producing areas in China. Fourteen SNPs with high polymorphism selected from the 23 SNPs (GlySNP14) showed the improved variety identification capability, compared with any combination of 14 random SNPs. A simulated experiment confirmed that GlySNP14 could effectively distinguish of 750 soybean varieties, while the combination of random by selected from the 14 SNPs could distinguish only 361 varieties. The established ID of soybean varieties in this study contained a 38-digit serial code, which can be used for the accurate identification of soybean varieties and meet the requirements of genetic resources protection.