泥炭湿地碳储量核算与其影响因素分析

泥炭湿地占全球陆地表面积的2%~3%和全球湿地面积的40%~70%,却存储3.0×1017~6.0×1017g碳。以前有关泥炭湿地碳储量的研究主要偏重于土壤,尤其在北方,缺乏对植被和枯枝落叶层的综合报道。本文综述了近些年来全球泥炭地碳储量(土壤碳储量、植被碳储量和枯枝落叶层碳储量)核算的研究进展。目前,全球泥炭地碳储量的核算仍存在较大的不确定性,其主要原因是全球泥炭地碳储量核算方法的数据信息不足,缺乏植被生物量、地表凋落物、碳质量分数、深度、容重和面积等全面数据,尤其是关于全球泥炭地面积较大的地区或国家;其次,人为干扰活动也进一步增加了全球泥炭地碳储量估算的不确定性,使得碳储量估算变得更困难。我国湿地面积居亚洲第一,世界第四,然而泥炭地/湿地有机碳储量估算与其他国家比较,相差较大,数据信息不足且存在较大波动。因此,为了提高泥炭湿地碳储量的估计精度和预测陆地生态系统应对气候变化响应机制的准确性,进一步加大泥炭地碳储量研究是非常必要的。

Budgeting of carbon storage in peat wetlands and its affecting factors

Though peatlands comprise approximately only 2%~3% of the global terrestrial area and about 40%~70% of all the wetlands of the world, their carbon storage reaches as high as 3.0×1017~6.0×1017 g, accounting for 14%~40% of the global soil organic carbon pool (1.5×1018~2.344×1018 g). In the past, studies on carbon storage in peatlands focused mainly on carbon pool in the soil, especially in regions high in latitude, and few comprehensive reports were available on carbon pools in vegetation and litter layers. Here, a comprehensive analysis and review of the progress of the study on budgeting carbon storages in the soil, vegetation and litter layer carbon pools, the three major components of the carbon pool of the global peatlands. Now, it is still existing big uncertainties in budgeting carbon storage of the global peatlands. Inadequacy of information and data available from the countries or regions that have largest areas of peatlands, including biomasses of the vegetation and litters, carbon mass fraction, and thickness, bulk density and area of the peat layers, is a major one in budgeting. Then anthropogenic disturbance may further contribute to the uncertainty, thus making the budgeting more difficult. It is well known that China ranks first in Asia and fourth in the world in area of wetlands. However, in budgeting organic carbon storage in peatlands/wetlands, China differs quite sharply from others in the world, because the data and information are inadequate and varying sharply. Therefore, in order to improve precision of the budgeting peat wetland carbon storage and accuracy of the prediction of mechanism of the terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. It is, therefore, essential to intensify the study on carbon storage in peatlands.