紫茎泽兰堆肥的质量及对土壤有机质、养分和微生物的影响

为紫茎泽兰是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物,具有生物毒性,无害化处理与资源化利用可经济、有效地防除紫茎泽兰。试验检测了紫茎泽兰生物堆肥的质量,并将紫茎泽兰生物堆肥(M)、化肥(CF)和生物堆肥+化肥(CFM)分别施入土壤,利用培养试验比较了它们对土壤有机质、养分和微生物的影响,为客观评价紫茎泽兰生物堆肥质量、微生物毒性和肥效提供有益信息。结果表明,紫茎泽兰生物堆肥质量符合NY525-2011国家标准(水分除外),且优于自然堆肥。在120 d的培养期间,CF处理降低土壤真菌和放线菌数量,对细菌数量无显著影响;CFM和M处理可提高土壤有机质和微生物量碳、氮,增加土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。在添加化肥的土壤中,培养前期的碱解氮、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性高于CK(不施肥),后期与CK无显著差异。在CFM和M处理的土壤中,碱解氮变化平缓,但持续高于CK,蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于CF和CK。因此,紫茎泽兰生物堆肥对土壤有机质、氮、微生物生物量及土壤酶活性的影响类似于普通有机肥。

Quality of Eupatorium adenophorum Compost and Effects on Organic Matter, Nutrients, and Microbes in Soil

Eupatorium adenophorum , a most harmful invasive plant in China, contains toxicants to microbes. It is beneficial to economical and effective elimination this plant by the harmless treatment and resource utilization. In this paper, the qualities of E. adenophorum bio-compost and natural compost were measured, thenE. adenophorum bio-compost (M), chemical fertilizer (CF) and bio-compost+chemical fertilizer (CFM) were added into soil to study their influences on soil organic matter, nutrients and microbes by incubation method in order to get information on the evaluation of M quality, microbial toxicity and fertilizer efficiency. The results showed that M was conformed to NY525-2011 (the National Standard of Organic Fertilizer) except moisture higher than that of Standard. M quality was better than natural compost. During 120 day incubation, CF decreased the quantities of fungi and actinomycetes in contrast to bacteria which changed little. Providing soil with CFM or M increased organic matter, microbial carbon and nitrogen, and the quantities of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soils. In the soil with CF, alkaline-hydrolyzed N and the activities of soil urease and sucrase in early incubation stage were much higher than CK (blank control), but became similar to CK in the late stage. In the soil with CFM or M, alkaline-hydrolyzed N was higher than CK and changed gently in whole incubation period, the activities of soil catalase, urease, acid phosphatase and sucrose were higher than CF and CK. Therefore, the influence of M on soil organic matter, nutrients, and microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity was similar to common organic fertilizers.