LED红蓝弱光照射保持樱桃番茄冷库贮藏品质

为了探究单色光对番茄冷藏过程中品质的影响,开发樱桃番茄保鲜新技术,以绿熟期樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)为试材,在4℃条件下分别采用发光二极管(LED,light emitting diode)红蓝单色弱光(30 lx)持续照射,研究LED红蓝单色弱光对樱桃番茄采后贮藏过程中感官和主要营养品质指标的影响。结果表明:研制的LED试验装置稳定可靠,红蓝单色光的发射光谱稳定,不因光照强度的变化而发生偏移。贮藏10 d以后LED红蓝光处理的樱桃番茄感官品质显著优于无光对照(P0.05),且LED红光处理好于蓝光处理(P0.05)。LED蓝光照射能较好地保持樱桃番茄维生素C含量(P0.05),但LED红光照射不利于维生素C含量的保持。LED红蓝单色弱光照射有利于促进樱桃番茄早期贮藏过程中的还原糖和可溶性总糖积累,显著抑制贮藏后期糖含量的下降(P0.05)。LED红蓝单色弱光照射处理还能显著延缓樱桃番茄贮藏过程中可溶性固形物下降(P0.05),提高樱桃番茄果实可滴定酸的含量,其中LED红光处理显著高于蓝光处理(P0.05)。贮藏20 d时,红光照射可显著促进番茄红素的合成,但贮藏过程中LED蓝光照射与对照差异不显著(P0.05)。综合来看,与对照(CK)相比,LED红蓝弱光(30 lx)照射有利于樱桃番茄4℃贮藏过程中感官和营养价值的保持,其中LED红色弱光照射处理效果较好。作为一种简便可行的物理保鲜方法,LED红蓝弱光持续照射处理在樱桃番茄采后营养品质调控方面具有应用潜力。

Red and blue LED weak light irradiation maintaining quality of cherry tomatoes during cold storage

Tomatoes are rich in compounds including carotenoids, vitamin C (Vc), and flavonoids, which are believed to be beneficial to human health. The increasing growth in the consumption of fresh cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has driven the demand for developing new green postharvest technology to maintain the quality during cherry tomato’s storage period and shelf life. Blue and red lights among visible light regions may be still useful for the photosynthesis of some fresh products that are not fully mature during storage. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technologies could provide some opportunities to develop new equipment and method for controlling postharvest quality of cherry tomato treated by different light sources during storage and shelf life. Mature-green (breaker-stage) tomatoes were harvested and treated continuously with red and blue LED weak light at 4℃ for up to 20 d. Untreated tomatoes (the control) were kept in the dark for the same period. The effects of the treatments on the sensory quality (levels of appearance, color, odor and decay), Vc, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, total soluble solids, titratable acid and lycopene were evaluated throughout the storage. The results showed that LED irradiation apparatus used in the experiment was stable and reliable. LED red and blue lamps could emit the designated light spectrum and not drift as the change of light intensity. The sensory quality was maintained at high level in all treatment during early storage period. After 10 d storage, the cherry tomatoes irradiated by LED red and blue light began to change color to yellow and red and had significantly better sensory quality than the control treatment (P<0.05), and LED red light had better effect than LED blue light. On the 20th day, the cherry tomatoes in the control showed inferior sensory quality involving flesh severe softening, apparent browning pitting on the peel and fungal decay spot, while the tomatoes irradiated by LED red and blue light kept good sensory quality (P<0.05). LED blue light irradiation could significantly inhibit the decrease of Vc content (P<0.05) in cherry tomato during storage compared with the control treatment, while the cherry tomatoes irradiated by LED red light showed lower Vc content than the control. LED red and blue light irradiation could lead to the accumulation of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar in cherry tomato during the early stage of storage, and reducing sugar and total soluble sugar content reached the highest on the 10th day. The contents of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar in cherry tomatoes decreased gradually between the 10th and the 20th day, while it was higher in the tomatoes irradiated by LED red and blue weak light than that in the control during the whole storage (P<0.05). Compared to the control, LED red and blue light irradiation could significantly delay the decrease of total soluble solids content and titratable acid content in cherry tomato (P<0.05), and LED red light had significantly higher effect than LED blue light (P<0.05). LED red light irradiation could lead to significantly higher lycopene content on the 20th day, while there was no significant difference between LED blue light and the control during storage. In comparison with the control treatment, LED red and blue weak light irradiation was beneficial for controlling the sensory and nutritional quality of cherry tomato at 4℃, completing the ripening process, and keeping the normal postharvest physiological metabolism. LED red weak light irradiation had the best effect among the treatments. In conclusion, LED red and blue weak light irradiation, as a simple and effective postharvest method, has the potential of application in the postharvest quality control of cherry tomato. The results provide the basis for sensory and nutritional quality control of fresh fruits and vegetables during cold storage.