黄土区不同施肥条件下农田土壤的动物群落结构

利用手捡法和Cobb过筛法对国家黄土土壤肥力与肥料效益监测基地的13个不同施肥处理进行土壤动物调查,共获得土壤动物3530只,隶属6门12纲23目4亚目7总科,这些类群在黄土中分布较广,构成了陕西黄土农田土壤动物的主要成分。结果表明,1)不同施肥处理对农田土壤动物个体数量、类群数均有不同程度的影响;农田土壤动物个体数量主要集中在0～5cm,且基本上是随着土壤深度的增加呈现下降的趋势。2)农田土壤动物的密度与土壤中的有机质含量有一定关系,施用秸秆有利于农田土壤动物的生存和发展。3)不同施肥条件下,土壤动物群落的组成具有很高的异质性,相似性系数一般较低。

Community structure of agricultural soil fauna with different fertilization treatments in Loess soil of Shaanxi

Samples from 13 different treatments in long-term stationary experiment of Shaanxi loess soil, were collected for agricultural soil faunas analysis by handsorting and Cobb method. 3530 species of agricultural soil fauna had been collected and identified, belonged to 6 Phyla, 12 Classes, 23 Orders, 4 Suborders and 7 Superfamilies. They were grouped by size into Macrofauna, Mesofauna and Microfauna. Mesofauna and Microfauna include 10 kinds, 2 dominant species(Nemata、Pauropoda)and 3 common species(Acariformes、Diplura、Collembola)and 17 kinds, 4 dominant species (Oligochaet、Isopoda、Coleoptera、Hymenoptera), 4 common species (Araneae、Lepidoptera、Diplopoda、Diptera)were included in Macrofauna. The result showed that, (1) the number and communities of agricultural soil fauna were affected by different treatments. The individual number of soil fauna varied with soil depth, generally declined from the surface soil to the bottom layer within soil profiles and most of focus on 0-5cm;(2) the density of agriculture soil fauna is related to content of nutrient, and straw stalk benefit to soil fauna;(3) the composition diversity and similarities to different treatments were analyzed, as result, they were obviously heterogeneous in composition and the values of their similarity coefficients were generally low.