猪粪和羊粪对盐碱障碍粮田冬小麦生理特征和产量的影响

为探明不同有机肥施用条件下河北低平原咸水补灌区盐碱障碍粮田冬小麦的耐盐抗氧化特征，设置常规施肥(CK)、推荐施肥(RC)以及在RC基础上猪粪和羊粪各3个施用量(低量：9 t·hm^-2;中量：18 t·hm^-2;高量：27 t·hm^-2)处理，分析了不同处理下盐碱田冬小麦生长、碳氮代谢、抗氧化特性及产量的差异。结果表明，高量猪粪和羊粪处理下小麦孕穗期单株分蘖数较RC处理分别提高了18.42%和23.68%;高、中量猪粪和羊粪处理下干物质积累量在孕穗期、开花期和收获期较CK和RC处理均显著提高，其中在收获期高量猪粪处理的增幅分别为24.54%和24.60%,高量羊粪处理的增幅分别为29.94%和29.99%;高量猪粪和羊粪处理较CK和RC处理均显著提高了冬小麦花后旗叶可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量及SOD、POD活性，降低超氧阴离子自由基积累量，其中羊粪较猪粪显著提高了可溶性糖含量。高、中量有机肥处理提高了穗数和千粒重，增产效果显著，其中高、中量猪粪处理较CK分别增产15.09%和8.95%,高、中量羊粪分别增产22....

Effect of Pig and Sheep Manure on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Plants in Salinity Fields

To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer type and dosage on the salt tolerance and antioxidant characteristics of winter wheat in salinity fields in the low plain brackish water recharge area of Hebei, in this study, three dosages each of pig manure and sheep manure (low: 9 t·hm^-2; medium: 18 t·hm^-2; high: 27 t·hm^-2) and control and recommended fertilizer applications were set up, with a total of eight treatments. The effects on growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant characteristics and yield of winter wheat were investigated. The results showed that the number of tillers per plant with high pig manure and sheep manure was increased by 18.42% and 23.68%, respectively, compared with the recommended fertilizer; dry matter accumulation at the booting, flowering and harvest stages was significantly increased by high and medium pig manure and sheep manure treatments, compared with the control and recommended fertilizer application, with an increase rate of 24.54% and 24.60% for the high pig manure and high sheep manure, respectively, and an increase rate of 29.94% and 29.99% at the harvest stage for the high sheep manure. The soluble protein, soluble sugar and free amino acid contents, and SOD and POD activities of post-flowering flag leaf of winter wheat under the high pig manure and sheep manure treatments were significantly increased, and the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals was reduced compared with the control and recommended fertilizers, with sheep manure significantly increasing the soluble sugar content compared with pig manure. High and medium organic fertilizers increased the number of spikes per unit and thousand-grain weight, and the yield increase was significant, with an increase rate of 15.09% and 8.95% for pig manure treatment, and 22.06% and 9.34% for sheep manure, respectively, compared with the control, but there was no significant difference between the two organic fertilizers. In conclusion, for mildly saline soils in the low plain brackish water recharge area of Hebei, it is recommended that high amounts (27 t·hm^-2) of pig manure or sheep manure can be applied in wheat production to promote the physiological characteristics of salt tolerance and yield, but overall the effect of sheep manure on increased yield is better than pig manure.