单个蚁巢红火蚁对不同距离蚂蚁类群的影响

 【目的】研究新定殖单个蚁巢红火蚁入侵荒草地后对距蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群的影响。【方法】采用陷阱法和诱饵诱集法调查距红火蚁蚁巢不同距离的蚂蚁类群种类及其数量变化,并应用主成分分析法和群落多样性指数探讨新定殖红火蚁对距蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群数量动态变化及其多样性的影响。【结果】红火蚁入侵后与本地蚂蚁竞争激烈,红火蚁对距小蚁巢1 m、大蚁巢1和3 m处蚂蚁类群多样性的影响较大。在距红火蚁小蚁 巢1m处,红火蚁工蚁数量随时间推移逐渐减少,在红火蚁占较大比例的6月（45.02%）及占较小比例的8月（16.01%）,蚂蚁个体数和优势度指数增加,物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。在距红火蚁大蚁巢1、3 m处,红火蚁工蚁数量随时间推移呈现先降而后逐渐上升趋势,在红火蚁占较小比例的6月（48.36%,1 m）、7月（34.06%,3 m）和红火蚁占较大比例的9月（89.94%,1 m;59.52%,3 m）,蚂蚁优势度指数增加,多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。主成分分析结果还揭示了引起荒草地单个蚁巢不同距离蚂蚁类群数量变动的主要蚂蚁种类及其变化情况。【结论】两种入侵荒草地的红火蚁种群对距其蚁巢较近距离蚂蚁类群多样性的影响较大。在小蚁巢和大蚁巢近距离处,红火蚁工蚁占比例较大,本地蚂蚁物种数、个体数、蚂蚁类群优势度指数增加,多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。

Influence of Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) on Ant Community in Different Distances Around Separate Mound

Objective] The influence of red imported fire ant (RIFA) on ant community in different distances around separate mound in mowing wasteland was studied in this paper.Method]The dynamics of species and abundance of ants which in different distances around separate mound of RIFA were investigated by using pitfall and bait traps,and the principal component analysis method and diversity indexes were used to probe into the influence of RIFA on the diversity of ant community.Results]The results indicated that the competition was furious between RIFA and native ants,the influence of RIFA on the diversity of ant communities at short distance was more obvious than at long distance around mound in both small and big mounds.As the infested time went on,the number of RIFA foragers became less and less.The number of all ant foragers and predominant index of ant community in 1 m of small mound increased,species richness,diversity index and evenness index of ant community decreased in June with a high proportion (45.02%) and in August with a low proportion (16.01%) of RIFA forgers.While in 1 m and 3 m of big mound,as the infested time went on,the number of RIFA foragers decreased at In'st and became more and more later.With a low proportion (48.36%,1 m,June;34.06%,3 m,July) and a high proportion (89.94%,September,1 m;59.52%,September,3 m) of RIFA forgers in big mound,the predominant index of ant community increased,diversity index and evenness index of ant community decreased.Principal component analysis also indicated that the ant species of begetting amount fluctuation and their changing rule.Conclusion]The impact of invasion of RIFA in wasteland on the diversity of ant communities in short distance around mound was obviously.The high proportion of RIFA forgers in short distance around mounds in both small and big mounds,the species richness and the number of individuals of native ants,the predominant index of ant community increased,diversity index and evenness index of ant community decreased.