不同类型砧木对西瓜连作障碍消减的影响

调查新茬与连作2种栽培条件下,西瓜、葫芦、南瓜自根苗以及西瓜-葫芦、南瓜嫁接苗5种处理的植株生长情况、生理生化指标及土壤理化性状、微生物数量的变化。结果表明,西瓜-南瓜嫁接苗生长势更强,根系发达,吸收能力强,蔓长、地下部干质量与西瓜-葫芦嫁接苗、西瓜自根苗差异显著。同时,西瓜-南瓜植株叶片及根系中ABA的质量分数均高于西瓜-葫芦嫁接株。连作栽培条件下,西瓜-葫芦叶片根系中可溶性蛋白质量分数与新茬相比差异不显著,而西瓜-南瓜叶片中的可溶性蛋白质量分数低于新茬,差异显著。总体来说,南瓜比葫芦生长势更旺,开花结果期早,但是会更早地受到连作土壤的不良影响,而葫芦嫁接苗生长势弱于南瓜,但是后期生长能力更强,抗性更好。研究还表明,同一种作物的连续种植,特别是自根西瓜,导致土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量降低。

Effects of Different Types of Rootstocks on the Reduction of Continuous Cropping of Watermelon

The growth,physiological and biochemical indexes,soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity of watermelon,gourd,squash,watermelon-gourd and watermelon-squash grafted seedlings under different cultivation conditions were investigated. The experiment showed that the watermelon-squash grafted seedlings had stronger growth potential,developed roots and strong absorption capacity. The difference between the vine length and the dry mass of the underground and the watermelon-gourd grafted seedlings and watermelon self-rooted seedlings were significant. The mass fraction of ABA in leaves and roots of watermelon-squash plants was higher than that of watermelon-gourd grafts. Under the continuous cultivation conditions,the soluble protein mass fraction in the roots of watermelon-gourd leaves was not significantly different from that of the new ones,while the soluble protein mass fraction in the watermelon-squash leaves was lower than that of the new ones. In general,watermelon-squash grows more vigorously than watermelon-gourd,and the flowering result is early,but it will be adversely affected by continuous cropping soil earlier,while the growth of watermelon-gourd grafted seedlings is weaker than watermelon-squash,but the growth ability is stronger and the resistance is better. The study also showed that continuous planting of the same crop,especially self-rooted watermelon,resulted in a decrease in the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soil.