Thyroid gland development in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858) during early life stages: A histochemical and immunohistochemical approach |
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Authors: | JB Ortiz Delgado NM Ruane P Pouso-Ferreira MT Dinis C Sarasquete |
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Institution: | aInstitute of Marine Sciences of Andalucía, CSIC, Polígono Río San Pedro Apdo Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain bAquaculture Research Group, Centre for Marine Science (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-117 Faro, Portugal cINIAP/IPIMAR, Av. 5 Outubro, 8720-305 Olhão, Portugal |
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Abstract: | A key to success in the culture of marine fish species is the mass production of high quality fry, a process largely dependent on successful first feeding and normal development and growth of fish larvae. In this regard it is important to examine the structural and functional development of the endocrine system (pituitary, thyroid, interrenal glands) during early ontogeny of marine fish. Particularly, the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), influence numerous metabolic processes, such as growth, differentiation, metamorphosis, reproduction, respiration, migratory behaviour, central nervous system activity, seasonal adaptation, etc. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the development of the thyroid gland and the ontogeny appearance of the thyroid hormones in Solea senegalensis larvae by means of histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The first thyroid follicle was present at 4 days-post-hatch (dph) coinciding with first feeding. During metamorphosis (12–20 dph) the follicles increased in both number and size, and by 30 dph presented the same characteristics as that seen in adult fish. Tissue immunostaining of both thyroid hormones decreased during the endogenous larvae development to nearly undetectable levels at the completion of yolk-sac absorption. During larvae exogenous phase, T3 and T4 immunostaining was first detected by 6 dph and an increase of specific staining for both hormones was detected between 12 and 20 dph, during metamorphosis phase. |
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Keywords: | Larvae Development Thyroid Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Immunohistochemistry Solea senegalensis |
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