12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果

为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。

Control Effects of 12 Herbicides on Broadleaf Weeds in Winter Wheat Field

In order to screen herbicides with high control efficiency on broadleaf weeds in winter wheat field, field trails were carried out with 12 currently commonly used herbicides. The results revealed that 40% Carfentrazone ethyl WG was the best in controlling the three target weeds and the total weed plant reduction was 91.78% after 15 days with 30 g(a.i.)·hm^-2 sprayed. And 55% tribenuron methyl·carfenteazone·MCPA Na WP was the best after 30 days with 412.5 g(a.i.)·hm^-2 applied, the total weed plant reduction was 96.53% and fresh weight reduction was up to 98.79%. The total weed plant reduction of 58 g·L^-1 florasulam· flumetsulan SC with 11.8 g(a.i.)·hm^-2 sprayed and the fresh weight reduction of 37% clodinafop propargyl·bensulfuron mythyl·carfentrazone WP with 222 g(a.i.)·hm^-2 sprayed was better, with control effect of 93.59% and 98.76%, respectively. The control efficiency of 30% clopyralid AS with 202.50 g(a.i.)·hm^-2 sprayed was the lowest in fresh weight reduction, which was only 35.29%. The results also showed that there were individual differences in chemosensitivity of 3 broadleaf weeds for the same d herbicides. Differences were also observed in the damage of the 12 herbicides to wheat. All the treatments were safe to the wheat except that carfentrazone ethyl or its mixturecan caused contact phytotoxicity decay in wheat plant, and pyroxsulam resulted with yellow leaves. However, the damages were resumable and had no effect on the yield.