农业劳动力老龄化现状及其影响——基于河南省兰考县M村的实证研究

以河南省兰考县M村为例,研究了该村农业劳动力结构的变化,农业劳动力老龄化的现状及其对农业生产的影响。研究发现,受现代发展主义的影响,该村大部分青壮年劳动力长时间在外务工,农业劳动力老龄化趋势加重,50岁以上人成为农业生产的主力军。农业劳动力老龄化既造成了农业生产的单一化、粗放化经营,也增加了老年人的劳动负担,不利于农业的可持续发展。在此基础上提出:促进土地本地流转,形成规模效益、增加农业收入,吸引青壮年加入,改善农业劳动力结构,是确保农业基础稳固和国家粮食安全的重要措施。

The Aging of Agricultural Labors and Its Influence

With the M Village in Lankao County of Henan Province as an example,the changes in the structure of agricultural labor,the aging status of agricultural labor forces and its impact on agricultural production were studied.It was found that,affected by the wave of modern development,a large scale of young labor forces have worked away from home for a long time,the aging trend of agricultural labor force aggravates,people over the age of 50 are generally considered to be the main force in the agricultural production.As a result of agricultural labor force aging,the agricultural production is extensively managed,which not only increases the elderly’s labor burdens,but also is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.On this basis,some measure,such as to promote land circulation,increase agricultural investment,attract the young,improve the agricultural labor structure,were proposed to consolidate agricultural basis and guarantee our food security.