西湖风景名胜区森林群落结构特征与动态

以西湖风景名胜区森林植被为研究对象, 在样方法野外调查的基础上, 进行组平均聚类, 划分出8个群落类型, 分别为马尾松Pinus massoniana林、马尾松-苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla林、朴树 Celtis sinensis-珊瑚朴C. julianae林、樟树Cinnamomum camphora-麻栎Quercus acutissima林、木荷Schima superba-苦槠林、青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca林、毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林和毛竹-槲栎Quercus aliena林。用"空间序列代替时间变化"的方法, 对优势种群的年龄结构、存活曲线进行研究。结果表明:马尾松-苦槠林、木荷-苦槠林、青冈林为增长型的种群, 马尾松林属于衰退型种群, 朴树-珊瑚朴林属于稳定型向衰退型过渡的类型。樟树-麻栎林为不稳定类型, 有发展成为樟树纯林的可能。采用方差/均值比率法、负二项式法和平均拥挤指数等方法, 研究优势种群的空间分布格局, 种群随机分布的是马尾松林、马尾松-苦槠林、樟树-麻栎林和毛竹-槲栎林, 集群分布的是朴树-珊瑚朴林、木荷-苦槠林、青冈林和毛竹林。

Structure and dynamics of forest community in the West Lake Scenic of Hangzhou,China

 Structure is one of the most important characteristics of a forest community, and population is its basic unit. The study on the age structure and the spatial distribution has important meanings to the research of population dynamics and community succession. This study was designed to help clarify vegetative ecological characteristics and change rules as well as to provide reference for establishing plans to protect the forest and the biodiversity in this area. Using quadrate investigation, the forest community in the  West Lake Scenic of Hangzhou was divided into eight forest types including Pinus massoniana（A）, P. massoniana-Castanopsis sclerophylla（B）, Celtis sinensis- C. julianae（C）, Cinnamomum camphora- Quercus acutissima（D）, Schima superba-C. sclerophylla（E）, Cyclobalanopsis glauca（F）, Phyllostachys edulis（G） and Ph. edulis- Q. aliena（H）, and analyzed by group average clustering to confirm dominant populations. The size stuctrue and survival curves of the dominant populations were studied with a spatial sere substituted for a temporal sere. Also, the spatial distibution pattern of the main dominant populations was determined using a Poisson distrbution, a negative binomial parameter, and a mean crowing index. The results of the size structure and survival curves showed that B, E and F were growing populations, A was a declining pupulation, C was a transitional type going from stable to declining, and D which was not stable could transform into a pure Cinnamomum camphora forest. The spatial distribution patterns showed that A, B, D, and H were random distributions; C, E, F, and G were clumped distributions. Forest vegetation was in successional change with the declining coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaf forest developing into an evergreen broad-leaf forest and the evergreen broad-leaf forest transforming into a climax forest. Group average clustering was relatively simple and effective for confirming dominant populations. This study could help analyze the present situation and successional trends of the forest community in the West Lake Scenic of Hangzhouto protect biodiversity. ［Ch, 3 fig. 2 tab. 24 ref.］