布鲁菌病研究进展

布鲁菌病是目前世界上流行最广、危害最大的人兽共患病之一,在全世界170多个国家和地区有人、畜布鲁菌病存在和流行.我国25个省(市、区)有人、畜布鲁菌病存在和流行.随着畜牧业的快速发展,布鲁菌病在多数疫区明显有回升趋势.2005年全国新发病19 664人,发病率为1.504/10万,超过历史最高记录.布鲁菌是细胞内寄生的革兰氏阴性菌,主要引起人的波状热和慢性感染以及动物睾丸炎和流产等,直接危害公共安全,造成严重的经济损失.近年来从多种海洋哺乳动物(海豹、海豚、鲸等)中也分离出布鲁菌.通过DNA同源性比较,发现海洋与陆地哺乳动物布鲁菌DNA的同源性高达90%以上.随着分子生物学的发展,对布鲁菌分子结构的研究不断获得新的发现,为进一步认识和控制布鲁菌病提供了可能.文章从布鲁菌病流行的历史与现状、布鲁菌的抗原分子生物特性、布鲁菌病的检测方法和布鲁菌病疫苗的现状等方面对布鲁菌病的研究进展做了介绍.

Advance in Brucellosis

Brucellosis is kind of most worldwide prevailed harmful zoonosis at present. It exists and spreads in more than 170 countries in the world and 25 provinces of our country. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the Brucellosis is obviously getting more serious in most of the epidemic area. In 2005, 19664 people were affected by the disease in whole country, the incidence of the disease was 1. 504/ 100000, exceeded the historical highest number. Brucella is a kind of gram negative bacterium which parasitizes in the cell. It mainly causes the undulant fever and chronic infection of human being, the orchitis and abortion of animals, directly harming the public security and bringing a serious economic loss. Recent years, the brucella was separated from the body of many oceanic mammals such as seals, dolphins and whales. Through the method of DNA same source comparison, it was found out that the oceanic and land mammals burcella had 90% of source similarities. With the development of molecular biology, the study on the molecular structure of burcella had got a lot of new discoveries continuously. This provided more probabilities for understanding and controlling of brucellosis. This paper reviewed in detail on the progress in the study of Brucellosis, including current and historical situation of Brucellosis epidemic, the molecular character of antigen, the methods of detection and the vaccination in Brucellosis.