秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦土壤温度及产量的影响

为了解小麦秸秆带状覆盖栽培的效果,以冬小麦兰天26号为研究对象,分析了秸秆带状覆盖3行(SC1)、秸秆带状覆盖4行(SC2)、全膜覆土穴播(PC)和无覆盖露地(CK)下旱地冬小麦土壤温度及产量。结果表明,秸秆带状覆盖可显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量,穗数、穗粒数和产量较CK分别增加13.4%~20.2%、26.7%~33.3%和41.3%~69.1%,但秸秆带状覆盖与PC间产量差异不显著。秸秆带状覆盖显著降低了全生育期0~25cm土壤平均温度,土温较CK低1.4~2.0℃;随着生育进程的推进和土层的加深,秸秆带状覆盖表现出增温和降温的"双重效应",SC1在返青期5cm土层和拔节期5和10cm土层增温,SC2在越冬期5和10cm土层及拔节期5cm土层增温,其余各时期各土层秸秆带状覆盖均表现出降温效应,且总体上降温效应大于增温效应;秸秆带状覆盖较PC和CK减小全生育期土壤日变化幅度;SC1、SC2的全生育期有效积温较CK分别减少86.6和69.8℃,使得秸秆带状覆盖下冬小麦较CK晚熟15d。从环保和可持续发展等方面综合考虑,秸秆带状覆盖较全膜覆土穴播在西北旱作区更具优越性。

Effect of Bundled Straw Covering on Soil Temperature and Yield of Winter Wheat in Arid Region

Winter wheat Lantian 26 was used to determine the influence of straw mulching on soil temperature and yield of winter wheat,under the treatments of bundled straw covering three lines-seeding(SC1),bundled straw covering four lines-seeding(SC2),the whole plastic film mulching(PC) and non-mulching as control(CK).The results showed that,compared to CK,bundled straw covering could significantly increase grain yield,panicles and kernel number of winter wheat,by 41.3% to 69.1%,13.4 to 20.2% and 26.7 to 33.3%,respectively.There was no significant difference on yield between bundled straw covering and the whole plastic covering.The average soil temperature of soil layer during 0-25 cm under bundled straw covering treatments was 1.4 to 2.0 ℃ lower than that under CK.The bundled straw covering had the warming and cooling double effects with the advancement of wheat growth and depth of soil layers.The warming effect happened in SC1 at revival period in 5 cm soil layer and at jointing period in 5 and 10 cm soil layers,and in SC2 at wintering stage in 5 and 10 cm soil layers and at jointing stage in 5 cm soil layer.And cooling effect happened in the rest of period in each soil layer,which was greater than the degree of warming effect.The daily changing of soil temperature during the whole period was reduced under bundled straw covering,compared to that of PC and CK.The accumulated temperature of SC1 and SC2 were reduced by 86.6 and 69.8 ℃ during the whole growth period,so that winter wheat under bundled straw covering treatments ripe 15 d later than that under CK.Considering the environment protection and sustainable development,bundled straw covering has more advantages than plastic film covering for dry farming in Northwest of China.