不同低温保存对雪花梨花粉萌发的影响

针对梨树生产与科研中各品种间存在花期不遇和授粉树配置不合理,从而影响梨树授粉的问题,研究了不同低温保存方法对雪花梨花粉萌发率和萌发速度的影响。结果表明：2002～2004年雪花梨花粉萌发率3 a平均为84.1%,与胎黄梨（91.0%）无显著差异,但显著〉鸭梨（66.3%）和金坠梨（44.7%）。雪花梨花粉在室温（20～22℃）条件下保存1个月,萌发率迅速降为5%,保存5个月后萌发率降为0;在冰箱（2～3℃）条件下只能保存5个月,保存1 a后萌发率（11.2%）降低明显;在冰柜（-18℃）条件下保存3 a仍能保持较高的萌发率（56.3%）,冰柜保存是雪花梨花粉较适宜的保存方法。雪花梨花粉在23～25℃发芽培养基中4 h即全部萌发,低温保存1 a后萌发时间较新鲜花粉增加1倍,生产上授粉时应先对贮存花粉进行加湿处理,使花粉充分吸水,以保证花粉迅速发芽,确保授粉效果。

Effects of Different Cryopreservation Methods on Pollen Germination of Xuehua Pear

Aiming at the problems of differential flowering time of different pear varieties and unreasonable pollination trees disposition,the effects of different cryopreservation methods on the pollen germination rate and germination speed of Xuehua pear were studied.The results showed that from 2002 to 2004,the average pollen germination rate of Xuehua pear was 84.1%,which had no difference with that of Taihuang pear(91.0%),while was significantly higher than that of Ya pear(66.3%) and Jinzhui pear(44.7%).Preserved for one month and five months at 20-22 ℃,the pollen germination rate rapidly reduced to 5% and 0,respectively.Preserved for one year at 2-3 ℃,the pollen germination rate reduced to 11.2%.Preserved for three years at-18 ℃,the pollen germination rate was higher(56.3%).The pollen germinated at 23-25 ℃ on germinating medium for 4 h.The germination time of pollen cryopreserved for one year prolonged than that of fresh pollen.The preserved pollen should be humidified to fully absorb water before pollination to ensure the rapid germination and pollination successfully.