禽流感病毒血凝素分子生物学研究进展

禽流感病毒基因组由8条单性负链RNA组成，血凝素基因是禽流感病毒基因组中变异最大的基因，禽流感病毒的抗原性和致病性很大程度上取决于该基因的变异情况。血凝素在病毒吸附及穿膜过程中起关键作用，但可刺激机体产生中和抗体来中和病毒的感染力，而且血凝素诱导机体产生的体液免疫反应，对宿主抵抗禽流感起到了决定性保护作用，使目前研制血凝素基因工程疫苗成为禽流感病毒疫苗的研究热点。血凝素发挥功能之前必须裂解为两条肽链HA1和HA2，其裂解位点的氨基酸残基的组成是决定禽流感病毒致病力高低的主要因素。文章主要从血凝素的基因及其编码的蛋白、裂解位点序列和基因疫苗等角度对禽流感病毒血凝素分子生物学的研究状况进行了综述，可为禽流感的预防和治疗提供参考。

The Progress of Research Work on Molecular Biology of Hemagglutinin of Avian influenza virus

Avian influenza virus (AIV) gene consists of eight negative single-strand RNA, in which the variability of hemagglutinin (HA) gene is the biggest, the antigenicity and pathogenicity of AIV depend on the variability of HA gene in most degree. Hemaglutinin plays an important role in the process of cohesion and transmembrane of AIV. It makes the host produce the neutralizing antibody, which neutralize the infection of virus. Humoral immunity against the HA is the main determinant for protection in the host against disease, hence, the genetically engineered vaccine of HA become the hot in the study of vaccine for AIV. To play its role, it is necessary for HA to cleavage into the HA1 and HA2 subunit, and its sequence of proteolytic cleavage site is the main determinant factor for pathogenicity of AIV. This paper reviews the progress of research work on molecular biology of HA based on available information on the structure of the HA gene and protein, its sequence of proteolytic cleavage site and genetically engineered vaccine. It is intended to serve as a guide for detection and control of avian influenza.