长期秸秆全量还田对砂姜黑土区冬小麦幼苗生长质量的影响

为探讨安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土麦-玉两熟条件下秸秆全量还田对小麦出苗与幼苗生长质量的影响，基于长期秸秆还田定位试验点，比较分析了秸秆不还田（CK）、玉米单季秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田（T1）、小麦-玉米周年秸秆全量粉碎还田（T2）和小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田（T3）4个秸秆全量还田方式间小麦出苗、分蘖、干物质积累及光合性状的差异。结果表明，长期秸秆全量还田影响小麦出苗速率，出苗速率表现为CK>T1、T3>T2；秸秆全量还田不同程度降低了小麦出苗率，但影响不显著；长期秸秆全量还田下六叶期小麦单株分蘖数、LAI、地上部与地下部干物重、根冠比、SPAD值、根表面积和根平均直径均增加，冬前群体生长率及光合势分别提高了8.33%~35.29%和4.33%~22.11%。 综合来看，在安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区，长期小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田有利于壮苗的培育，是适合在当地进行推广的秸秆还田方式。

Effects of Long-Term Straw Returning to Field on Seedling Growth Quality of Winter Wheat in Lime Concretion Black Soil Area

In order to study the effects of long-term straw returning on wheat seedling emergence and seedling growth quality under wheat-maize double cropping in lime concretion black soil in Huaibei plain,Anhui Province,the effects of four straw returning methods (CK: no straw returning to field,T1: maize straw returning,T2: wheat+maize straw returning,T3: wheat straw returning) on wheat emergence,tillering,dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics were characterized in the long-term positioning experimental station. The results showed that long term straw returning affected the emergence rate of wheat,ranking as CK>T1,and T3>T2; straw returning decreased wheat emergence rate,yet the difference was not significant. Long term straw returning increased the number of tillers per plant,LAI,shoot and root dry matter,root-shoot ratio,SPAD value,root surface area,and average root diameter of wheat at the six-leaf stage,and the population growth rate and photosynthetic potential were increased by 8.33%-35.29% and 4.33%-22.11%,respectively. Taken together,long-term wheat straw returning is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings,which is a suitable straw return method in lime concretion black soil in Huaibei plain,Anhui Province.