向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)不同外植体组织培养及其再生的研究

【目的】建立向日葵不同外植体离体培养再生体系，为向日葵遗传转化、突变体筛选奠定基础。【方法】以不同基因型向日葵为材料，研究了向日葵不同外植体在不同的培养基中诱导不定芽再生的频率。【结果】向日葵不同基因型外植体在含适宜吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）等激素的培养基中均较易形成愈伤组织，但愈伤组织诱导不定芽的能力则较弱；不同基因型向日葵外植体的不定芽诱导率依次为子叶节＞下胚轴＞子叶＞真叶；诱导子叶节不定芽再生的适宜6-BA浓度为1.2～1.8 mg?L-1， 下胚轴为1.8 mg?L-1，子叶为0.6 mg?L-1，真叶却未见到诱导出不定芽；MS + 0.03 mg?L-1 IAA + 1.2～1.5 mg?L-1 6-BA培养基可用于向日葵子叶、子叶节和下胚轴再生体系；不同基因型向日葵诱导不定芽的能力差别较大，其中，基因型PR29再生能力较强。【结论】本研究成功地建立了向日葵不同外植体离体培养再生途径，并获得了再生植株。

The Research of Tissue Culture and Regenerated of the Different Explants of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The effect of media components on the induction of shoot regeneration for different types of explants in three genotypes of sunflower was investigated. The result showed that it was easy to form the callus for different genotypes explants cultured on media containing suitable 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA)) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) concentrations, but it was difficult of shoot regeneration from callus. The frequency of shoot regeneration from different types of explants for all the genotypes sunflower are in turn as followed: cotyledonary nodes > hypocotyls> cotyledons> leaves. Best shoot regeneration rates were obtained in the presence of 1.2mg?L-1 6-BA for cotyledonary nodes, 1.8mg?L-1 BA for hypocotyls and 0.6g?L-1 6-BA for cotyledonary. The shoot didn’t regenerate from leaves. The ability of inducing shoot regeneration for different genotype sunflower was very different and the regenerated frequency of PR29 was highest.